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Physics - IGCSE > Ch - 7 > Flashcards

Ch - 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of sun on earth?

A
  1. Heats up the atmosphere, creating wind and producing waves.
  2. Water evaporated by the sun falls as rain, filling up reservoirs.
  3. Plants grown using sunlight from fuels - biofuels and fossil fuels
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2
Q

What are the diff forms of energy other than sun?

A
  1. Geothermal - produced in Earth’s core
  2. Nuclear - Elements that make up Earth’s crust.
  3. Tidal - Gravitational attraction of the moon
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3
Q

How is the energy that falls from the sun transferred?

A

Radiation (Visible light & Infrared radiation)

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4
Q

Why does solar energy need large collecting devices?

A

Low energy density

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5
Q

What is one issue with collecting solar energy?

A
  • Expensive
  • Inefficient
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6
Q

How do solar cells generate electrical power?

A
  • Transfer energy from sunlight electrically producing a current
  • This generates electricity.
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7
Q

What are solar cells also called?

A

Photovoltaic cells

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8
Q

What are solar cells made of?

A

Semiconducting materials

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9
Q

What are the advantages of a solar cells?

A
  • Renewable
  • Reliable
  • No greenhouse gasses or pollution.
    -Remote places
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10
Q

what are the disadvantages of solar cells?

A
  • Need to be large scale
  • Expensive
  • sunlight is not a reliable source
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11
Q

What is the function of solar panels?

A
  • Solar panels transfer energy from sunlight to thermal store of solar panels.
  • Used to heat water in the pipes.
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12
Q

What does the solar furnace consist of?

A
  • Large curved mirrors that focus the sun’s rays on to a small area.
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13
Q

What is the solar furnace used for in the end?

A
  • Boil water
  • Generate steam to turn turbine
  • Generate electricity
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14
Q

What are the advantages of using solar panels?

A
  • Renewable
  • reliable
  • No Greenhouse gasses or pollution
  • Cut cost
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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of using solar panels?

A
  • Large scale to produce High temp.
  • Heat water in High temp.
  • Not reliable
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16
Q

What are the fossil fuels?

A

Formed from remains of dead plants and animals

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17
Q

What are the diff types of fossil fuels?

A
  • Coal
  • Natural gas
  • Crude oil
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18
Q

Where does chemical energy stored in fossil fuels come from?

A

Sunlight

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19
Q

Where was the energy from the sun transferred to?

A

Chemical energy store of plants by photosynthesis

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20
Q

What are the advantages of fossil fuels?

A
  • Transport of electricity heavily relies on fossils available
  • reliable
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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A
  1. Millions of yrs to form
    • non-renewable
    • decreasing
      supply
    • Completely run
      out
  2. Pollutes
    -CO2 —> Greenhouse effect
    • sulphur dioxide –> acid rain
22
Q

What are the uses of fossil fuels?

A
  • Transport
  • Generating electricity
  • Heating
23
Q

What are majority vehicles powered by?

A

Petroleum

24
Q

Where does petroleum originate from?

A

Crude oil (fossil fuels)

25
Q

what are growing no. of vehicles being powered by?

A
  • Electricity
  • Zero carbon emissions
  • Combination of resources
26
Q

What is used to produce energy on-deman for electricity?

A

Coal and oil

27
Q

What are the steps to do electricity generation by fossils?

A
  1. Burning
  2. Burning produces thermal energy
  3. Boils water creating steam
  4. Steam turns a turbine
  5. Electromagnet generates electricity
  6. Steam condenses and process repeats
28
Q

What are biofuels made from?

A

Plant matter

29
Q

Where does this energy from biofuel come from?

A

Sunlight transferred to chemical store of plants

30
Q

What can be used in place of fossil fuels?

A

Ethanol or methane. (Half density of fossil fuels)

31
Q

What are the advantages of biofuels?

A
  • carbon neutral
  • renewable
  • powered by biofuel
32
Q

What are the disadvantages of biofuels?

A

-Time consuming
- land n resources used
- co2

33
Q

what is fission?

A

Energy stored in the nucleus can be released When the nucleus is broken in 2

34
Q

Define nuclear fission.

A

When a large nucleus is broken into two smaller nuclei where energy is released.

35
Q

How do nuclear powers generate electricity?

A

Fission reactions to heat water, this turns turbines to generate electricity.

36
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear fission?

A
  • no pollution
  • safe
  • Reliably on a large scale
  • available
37
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear fission?

A
  • Finite supply
  • non renewable
  • radioactive waste
38
Q

How is electricity generated by wave & tide power?

A

Red and fall of waves turns the turbines and generates electricity

39
Q

what are the advantages of tide and wave energy?

A
  • no pollution
  • reliable
  • renewable
  • small systems
40
Q

what are the disadvantages of tide and wave energy?

A
  • expensive
  • damages habitat
  • few suitable location
  • large scale.
41
Q

What type of energy is there when water is stored above ground level?

A

Gravitational Potential Energy

42
Q

What is this energy converted to and when?

A

K.e. because water flows down

43
Q

What is the function of the turbine?

A

Generate electricity.

44
Q

What are the advantages of hydroelectric dams?

A
  • reliable n available.
  • generates large scale
45
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric dams?

A
  • destroys habitats, town n villages
  • releases large amounts of greenhouse gasses.
46
Q

How is geothermal energy producing heat?

A
  • Radioactive elements deep in earth release energy as they decay
  • Geothermal heats up rocks
47
Q

How is water heated and comes back up in geothermal energy?

A
  • Water is poured in shafts below
  • Water is heated by the rocks and returned to shaft.
  • Steam is used to turn turbines and generate electricity.
  • This heats homes.
48
Q

What are the advantages of Geothermal energy?

A
  • Renewable
  • Reliable
49
Q

What are the disadvantages of Geothermal energy?

A
  • Small-scale production
  • greenhouse gases
  • expensive to build.
50
Q

How is sun’s energy produced?

A

Nuclear fusion

51
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

Involves the collision and bonding of hydrogen and nuclei to form helium nuclei, releasing nuclear energy in the process.

52
Q

What is one requirement of fusion?

A

Extremely High temp. , like centre of star.

Physics - IGCSE (17 decks)

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