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Physics - IGCSE > Ch - 14 (Properties of waves) > Flashcards

Ch - 14 (Properties of waves) Flashcards

1
Q

What do waves transfer?

A
  • Energy and information
  • Oscillations or vibration
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2
Q

what is the difference between the particles (or oscillations), and the wave itself?

A
  • Motion of the wave causes particles to move
  • particles themselves are not the wave.
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3
Q

How is vibration in ropes?

A

Wave travel perpendicular to vibration of rope.

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4
Q

How is the vibration in springs?

A

Wave travel parallel to vibration of coils.

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5
Q

Define crest

A

The highest point of the wave above the equilibrium, or rest position.

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6
Q

Define trough

A

The lowest point of the wave below the equilibrium or rest, position.

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7
Q

Define amplitude

A

Maximum displacement of molecules away from mean position

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8
Q

Define wavelength

A

Distance between two successive crests or troughs (or compressions and rarefaction)

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9
Q

How is the wavelength measured in a transverse wave?

A

One peak to the next peak

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10
Q

How is the wavelength measured in a longitudinal wave?

A

Center of one compression to the center of another compression.

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11
Q

Define frequency

A

Numbers of oscillations per unit time (per sec)

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12
Q

Define wave speed

A

Distance travelled by wave each second.

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13
Q

what is the formula of wave speed?

A

Wave speed = frequency x wavelength

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14
Q

Define wavefronts

A

useful way of picturing waves from above.

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15
Q

How are wavefronts visualised?

A

From above

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16
Q

What are the two types of waves?

A
  • Transverse
  • Longitudinal
17
Q

Define transverse waves.

A

waves where the point along the length vibrates at 90 degree to the direction of energy transfer.

18
Q

How is a transverse wave?

A
  • energy transfer in same direction as wave motion.
  • transfer energy but not the particle.
  • move in solids, on surface of liquids, but not inside liquid or gases.
  • EM waves move in solids, liquids and gases.
19
Q

What are examples of transverse waves?

A
  • Ripple waves
  • S seismic waves
  • EM waves
  • vibrations
20
Q

Define longitudinal waves.

A

waves where the point s along its length vibrate parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

21
Q

How is a longitudinal wave?

A
  • energy transfer is in same direction as wave motion.
  • transfer energy but not the particles of the medium
  • can move in all states
  • cannot move in vacuum
22
Q

What are the key features of a longitudinal wave?

A
  1. Compressions (close together)
  2. Rarefactions (further apart)
23
Q

What’s re examples of longitudinal waves?

A
  • Sound waves
  • P waves
  • pressure waves
24
Q

Compare the structure of transverse and longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse: Peaks and troughs

Longitudinal: Compression and rarefactions

25
Q

Compare the vibration of transverse and longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse: 90 degree

Longitudinal: Parallel

26
Q

Compare the vacuum of transverse and longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse: EM waves only

Longitudinal: NA

27
Q

Compare the material of transverse and longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse: Can move in states

Longitudinal: Can move in states

28
Q

Compare the density of transverse and longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse: Constant density

Longitudinal: Changes in density

29
Q

Compare the pressure of transverse and longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse: Pressure is constant

Longitudinal: Changes in pressure

30
Q

Compare the speed of wave of transverse and longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse: Dependent

Longitudinal: Dependent

31
Q

Define reflection.

A

a wave hits the boundary between 2 media and does not pass through but stays in original medium.

32
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

33
Q

Define refraction

A

a waves passes a boundary between 2 different transparent media and undergoes a change in direction.

34
Q

What are the two effects of refraction?

A
  • wavelength can increase or decrease
  • waves can change directions.
35
Q

What happens to the wavelength when a wave is diffracted?

A

Wavelength remains constant

36
Q

What are the factors affecting diffraction?

A

The gap between to points

37
Q

Define period.

A

Time taken for one complete oscillation

Physics - IGCSE (16 decks)

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