Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PE Section A > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Anticipatory Rise

A

The release of adrenaline via the sympathetic nervous system prior to exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arteriole

A

Small blood vessel which extends from an artery to meet the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atrial and ventricular repolarisation

A

Occurs during a brief time period following depolarisation and describes the electrical impulse returning to a baseline value.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atrial depolarisation

A

The effect that the SA node has on the atria, causing them to contract by providing an electrical stimulus across them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Sensors detecting changes in blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cardiovascular drift

A

The ‘drift’ effect of cardiovascular responses to sustained steady-state exercise, despite exercise intensity not increasing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemical regulation

A

The control of physiological processes via the chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sensors detecting chemical changes within the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

An extension of the spinal cord found in the skull that contains control centres for the heart and lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myogenic

A

Originating in muscle tissues, rather than through neural impulse. The heart is myogenic, as it creates its own impulses intrinsically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neural control

A

The control of physiological processes via the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin

A

A combination of oxygen and haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pre-capillary sphincter

A

Smooth muscle that regulates capillary blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Sensors that detect changes in body position through changes in muscle length, tension and joint angles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vascular shunt mechanism

A

How the vascular system shunts and redistributes blood towards the exercising muscles via vasodilation and vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The narrowing of arteries to restrict blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vasodilation

A

The widening of arteries to increase blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vasomotor centre

A

Regulates blood flow by stimulating the sympathetic system, causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Breathing frequency

A

The number of breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Exercise post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

A

The increase volume of oxygen consumed following exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Expiration

A

The process of breathing out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

The extra air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inspiration

A

The process of breathing in

27
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

The extra air that can be inhaled after normal inhalation

28
Q

Minute ventilation

A

The volume of air inspired or expired per minute

29
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

One half of the automatic nervous system that stimulates body systems rest or relax

30
Q

Residual volume

A

Amount of air left in the lungs prior to forced exhalation

31
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

One half of the automatic nervous system that stimulates or activates the fight or flight of body systems

32
Q

Tidal volume

A

The volume of air displaced from the lungs during steady-state inspiration and expiration

33
Q

Action potential

A

An electrical impulse that stimulates the muscle fibres

34
Q

All or none law

A

A muscle fibre has to either fully contract or not contract at all; there is no in-between level of contraction.

All or nothing.

35
Q

Fast glycolytic muscle fibre

A

Type IIx muscle fibre, characterised by features such as high force production and high glycolytic capacity.

36
Q

Fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibre

A

Type IIa muscle fibre, characterised by features such as high oxidative capacity and a fast contraction time.

37
Q

Motor neuron

A

A nerve cell joining muscle fibres at a neuromuscular junction

38
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemicals which stimulate the action potentials to travel across synapses to another neuron

39
Q

Spatial summation

A

When an increasing amount of motor units are recruited

40
Q

Tetanic contraction

A

The stimulation of the muscle occurs too rapidly to allow any relaxation

41
Q

Wave summation

A

Increasing the strength of muscular contraction by increasing the frequency of impulses.

42
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle that is the primary instigator of a joint movement

43
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle that opposes the motion of the agonist

44
Q

Concentric

A

A muscular contraction that involves the muscle becoming shorter

45
Q

Eccentric

A

A muscular contraction that involves the muscle lengthening

46
Q

Fixator

A

The muscle that stabilises the joint during movement, aiding the efficiency of the agonist muscle

47
Q

Isometric

A

A muscular contraction that involves no change in muscle length

48
Q

Isotonic

A

Describes a change in muscular length as it undergoes contraction.

49
Q

Slow oxidative muscle fibre

A

Type 1 muscle fibre, characterised by features such as a slow contraction time and low force production.

50
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

The key source of energy in the body

51
Q

ATP resynthesis

A

The production of ATP through the use of energy, ADP and P

52
Q

Blood lactate

A

A substance that pyruvate is converted into in the absence of oxygen

53
Q

Energy continuum

A

How and when each of the three energy systems becomes predominant when producing the energy needed for exercise

54
Q

Enzyme

A

A catalyst that causes a biochemical reaction (breakdown of substances)

55
Q

EPOC

A

The increased level of oxygen consumption following exercise

56
Q

Fast component of EPOC

A

Involves the replenishment of the blood supply and muscle oxygen stores, and resynthesis of ATP

57
Q

Glucose

A

A simple form of sugar easily broken down for energy in the body

58
Q

Glycogen

A

Chains of glucose that the body uses as energy (but takes longer to break down)

59
Q

Indirect calorimetry

A

A method of measurement to determine the volume of oxygen consumes, and carbon dioxide produced, to provide a value for energy expenditure

60
Q

Intensity

A

How hard a body is working

61
Q

OBLA

A

An increase in blood lactate above 4mmol/L

62
Q

VO2 max

A

The maximum amount of oxygen an individual can utilise in the body during maximal intensity exercise

63
Q

Respiratory exchange ratio

A

The difference between the amount of oxygen utilised by the body and the amount of carbon dioxide produced when exercising.

64
Q

Slow component of EPOC

A

Involves elevated circulation, ventilation and body temperature.

PE Section A (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions