Genitourinary Tract Infection

Question 1

For pyuria we consider:

Answer 1

10 leucocytes per microscopic field or 5–10 perhigh-powered field in centrifuged sample

Question 2

For Bacteriuria we consider

Answer 2

10^5 colony-forming units per mL
and in two consecutive samples in women, or a single sample in men.

Question 3

Criteria for cystitis or lower tract infection

Answer 3

dysuria, urinary frequency,
urinary urgency ± objective sign of suprapubic tenderness

Question 4

Symptoms for acute Pyelonefritis

Answer 4

flank pain ± dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency

Question 5

Symptoms for acute prostatitis

Answer 5

Subjective complaint of peroneal or suprapubic pain ± dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency
and can present with signs of sepsis including fever, usually significant prostatic tenderness on examination

Question 6

Typically a complication of bacteremia;
also increasingly a recognized complication of ascending
infection including pyelonephritis.

Answer 6

Intrarenal abscess

Question 7

Urinary pathogen by Hematogenous infection

Answer 7

Staphylococcus aureus
bacteremia and fungemia with Candida species.

Question 8

Factors on E. coli cell surface include:

Answer 8

Adhesins and α-hemolysin toxin

Question 9

Uropathogens that produce urease include

Answer 9

Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas spp.,
Staph aureus, Corynebacterium urealyticum

Question 10

UTI in adults ——- impacts renal function

Answer 10

rarely

Question 11

is associated with a 10% risk of subsequent development of UTI.

Answer 11

Catheterization

Question 12

Risks in posmenopausal women

Answer 12

estrogen deficiency, incontinence, postvoid residual, catheterization.

Question 13

Screening not recommended:

Answer 13

Premenopausal women, nonpregnant women.
* Diabetic women.
* Elderly subjects
* Spinal cord injury.
* Catheterized subjects

Question 14

Flank pain that suggests a stone.

Answer 14

with radiation to the groin

Question 15

Some quick tests for UTI can be:

Answer 15

Leucocyte esterase.
Nitrite

Question 16

Nitrites aren´t useful for what type of bacteria

Answer 16

staphylococci or enterococci

Question 17

Gram positives that can cause a UTI

Answer 17

Staphylococcus
Enterococcus
Corynebacterium urealyticum

Question 18

Viral etiologies for UTI

Answer 18

Adenovirus AND BK virus

Question 19

Relapse happens when:

Answer 19

1–2 weeks after stopping antibiotics

Question 20

Lower tract should be treated with

Answer 20

nitrofurantoin or fosfomycin sufficient

Question 21

Upper tract should be treated with

Answer 21

TMP–SMX), aminoglycosides.

Question 21

Cystitis should be treated with

Answer 21

Nitrofurantoin 5 days, TMP–SMX 3 days, or
Fosfomycin 3 g × 1 dose.

Question 22

Pyelonephritis should be treated with

Answer 22

Ciprofloxacin or 5 days with levofloxacin is adequate.

Question 23

Some relapsing causes that should be considered are:

Answer 23

Deep-seated renal parenchymal infection.
Anatomical abnormality, e.g., stone.
Foreign body, e.g., stent.
In male, prostatic infection

Question 24

Why does pregnant women have an increase of risk for UTI?

Answer 24

Increased estrogen causes muscle relaxation and reduced
tone leading to increased bladder capacity and impaired
bladder emptying as well as dilation of the ureters.

Question 25

Despite the traditional UTI treatment, for pregnant women we should avoid:

Answer 25

FLQ, and Trimethoprim is usually avoided in the 1st trimester, TMP–SMX not recommended in the 3rd trimester

Question 26

Severe multifocal infection with gas visible within the kidney and retroperitoneal space

Answer 26

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis

Question 27

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis etiology

Answer 27

E. coli, Proteus, and Citrobac

Question 28

Abscess that require percutaneous drainage.

Answer 28

> 5 cm

Question 29

tenderness in the prostate is only present
in

Answer 29

Acute prostatitis

Question 30

This is a diagnosis of exclusion with an absence of bacteriuria, but with significant perineal and pelvic pain impacting quality of life

Answer 30

Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Question 31

Bacterial causes for testicular inflammation

Answer 31

E. coli o Pseudomonas

Question 32

Infectious disease with PAIN

Answer 32

Epididimitis