Sem 2: Quiz 2 Grammar Part 2 (Futato Ch 24) Volitives Flashcards

1
Q

What are volitives?

What are the three volitives?

A

verb forms that express the will of the speaker
(what someone wants to happen)
They exist in all three persons:
1st-person - Cohortative “Let me/us listen!”
2nd-person - Imperative “Listen!”
3rd-person - Jussive “Let him/her/them listen!”

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2
Q

How is the cohortative verb formed?

A

Formed by adding qamets-he afformative
to the imperfect form of a strong verb.

III-He weak verbs are identical to the imperfect:

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3
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. I will write
  2. Let me write
    (#2 has the qamets-he ending on the impf, so it is cohortative)
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4
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. We will write
  2. Let us write
    (#2 has the qamets-he ending on the impf, so it is cohortative)
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5
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. you(ms) will trust
  2. Trust!
    (#2 has preformative removed from the impf, so it is imperative)

note that the impf had patakh as its theme vowel, so impv did too

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6
Q

How is the imperative verb formed?

A

Formed by removing the preformative from the 2nd-person imperfect (and applying the “rule of sheva” with the FS & MP)

Notes:
* if the impf has patakh as theme vowel, so does the impv
* works both for strong and for most weak imperatives

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7
Q

Translate:

A

Go!
Walk!

you(ms) form

root follows the I-Yod(vav) paradigm, behaving like yod-shin-vet

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8
Q

Translate:

A

Give!

you(ms) form

root follows the I-Nun paradigm

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9
Q

Translate:

A

Stand!

2ms

impv I-Gut

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10
Q

Translate:

A

Stand!

2fs

impv I-Gut

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11
Q

Translate:

A

Stand!

2mp

impv I-Gut

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12
Q

Translate:

A

Stand!

2fp

impv I-Gut

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13
Q

Translate:

A

Fall!

2ms

impv I-Nun

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14
Q

Translate:

A

Fall!

2fs

impv I-Nun

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15
Q

Translate:

A

Fall!

2mp

impv I-Nun

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16
Q

Translate:

A

Fall!

2fp

impv I-Nun

17
Q

Translate:

A

Dwell!

2ms

impv I-Yod(vav)

18
Q

Translate:

A

Dwell!

2fs

impv I-Yod(vav)

19
Q

Translate:

A

Dwell!

2mp

impv I-Yod(vav)

20
Q

Translate:

A

Dwell!

2fp

impv I-Yod(vav)

21
Q

Translate:

A

Go away!

2ms

impv III-He

22
Q

Translate:

A

Go away!

2fs

impv III-He

23
Q

Translate:

A

Go away!

2mp

impv III-He

24
Q

Translate:

A

Go away!

2fp

impv III-He

25
Q

How are imperatives negated?

A

They are not!!!
Instead, the imperfect gets used with either:

26
Q

What tells me that the Hebrew is for sure a command?

A

אַל is only used with volitives!
When you see it, think “Do not…

27
Q

What is true of strong and most weak
Qal jussives?

(Exceptions: III-He and hollow verbs)

A
  • appear identical to the imperfect form
  • Must use context to decide whether jus or impf
  • If jussive, translate as: “May…” or as “Let him/her/them…”
28
Q

Translate:

A

not
(used only with cohortative and jussive)

Note it begins with alef; if begins with ayin, it means “on” or “upon”

29
Q

Translate the following:

A

Negation with imperfect verb

30
Q

Translate the following as a jussive:

A

the first Hebrew word, “yish-me-u” is translated as a jussive: “let (them) hear”

31
Q

What happens to III-He verbs in the jussive form?

A

The III-He goes away
(as it does when adding an afformative, or adding vav to the beginning, as in WCIs)

32
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. He will reveal/remove
  2. Let him reveal/remove
    (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)
33
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. She will reveal/remove
  2. Let her reveal/remove
    (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)
34
Q

In what forms of the jussive is a III-He verb different than the imperfect form?

A

Only the singular forms (ms, fs) lose the III-He and end up differing from the imperfect form of the verb.

35
Q

In what forms of the jussive do hollow verbs collapse?

A

Only the singular forms
MS/FS

36
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. he will cry
  2. Let him cry!
    (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)
37
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. he will go up
  2. Let him go up!
    (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)