Sem 2: Quiz 3 Grammar (Futato Ch 25-26, 27.4-5) Hollow verbs; verbs w/vav relative; questions--ADD QUESTIONS Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
What is the telltale sign that there is:
a missing nun in the first radical position?
A
- leaves behind a footprint dagesh
- drops I-nun and tav may be added to the end
2
Q
What is the telltale sign that there is:
a missing yod/vav in the first radical position?
A
- the preformative vowel is tsere instead of hireq
- I-yod or vav drops and tav is added at end
3
Q
What is the telltale sign that a I-alef may be missing?
A
if the preformative vowel is holem
(Imperfect 1cs)
4
Q
What is the telltale sign that a III-he may be missing?
A
can only be discerned by the process of elimination
5
Q
What is the telltale sign that a II-yod/vav is missing?
A
It is a hollow verb, perfect has 2 root letters, usually with an a-class vowel under the 1st root letter.
6
Q
What is true of hollow imperfect forms?
A
- middle radical retained
- root vowels for 1st and 2nd radicals of strong verbs NOT present
- Preformatives have a qamets after them
7
Q
What is true of hollow perfect forms?
A
- second radical and vowel have dropped out
- In 3rd person the 1st root vowel is qamets
- In 1st & 2nd persons the 1st root vowel is patakh
- There are variations, such as with bosh which keeps the holem or the holem-vav in all perfect forms, or mut which has 1Rv tsere in the 3rd person (not qamets)
8
Q
What is true of hollow verbs?
A
- have yod or vav as 2nd radical
- in impf, yod/vav present but qamets is under preformative
- in pf (R), verb collapses
- Inf. const. same as dictionary forms
- Inf. abs. always have a holem-vav
9
Q
Translate:
A
he arose
10
Q
Translate:
A
she arose
11
Q
Translate:
A
you(ms) arose
12
Q
Translate:
A
you(fs) arose
13
Q
Translate:
A
I arose
14
Q
Translate:
A
they(c) arose
15
Q
Translate:
A
you(mp) arose
16
Q
Translate:
A
we arose
17
Q
Translate:
A
he will arise
18
Q
Translate:
A
she will arise
or
you(ms) will arise
19
Q
Translate:
A
you(fs) will arise
20
Q
Translate:
A
I will arise
21
Q
Translate:
A
they(mp) will arise
22
Q
Translate:
A
they(fp) will arise
or
you(fp) will arise
23
Q
Translate:
A
you(mp) will arise
24
Q
Translate:
A
we will arise
25
Translate:
to arise
26
Translate:
surely (arise)
27
Translate:
he came
OR
he entered
28
Translate:
he will come
OR
he will enter
29
Translate:
I came
OR
I entered
30
Translate:
to come
OR
surely (come)
31
Translate:
we came
OR
we entered
32
Translate:
you came
you entered
(mp)
33
Translate:
you came
you entered
(ms)
34
Translate:
he died
35
Translate:
he will die
36
Translate:
I died
37
Translate:
she died
38
Translate:
surely (die)
39
Translate:
to die
40
Translate:
you(ms) died
41
Translate:
he was ashamed
| (also "to be ashamed" or "surely" be ashamed)
42
Translate:
he will be ashamed
43
Translate:
I was ashamed
44
Translate:
she was ashamed
45
Translate:
they were ashamed
46
Translate:
to be ashamed
OR
surely (be ashamed)
47
Translate:
we were ashamed
48
Translate:
you(fp) were ashamed
49
Translate:
you(fs) were ashamed
50
Translate:
you(mp) were ashamed
51
Translate:
you(ms) were ashamed
52
Translate:
he put
53
Translate:
he will put
54
Translate:
surely (put)
surely (place)
55
Translate:
to put
to place
to set
56
What can adding a vav to the beginning of a verb do?
* **REVERSE** the
past-future relationship
* May or may not be translated with "and"
57
What are the key ways to express the past tense?
1. use a perfect verb without vav-sheva
2. prefix **vav-patekh-dagesh** to an imperfect verb
[if prefixed before alef as with 1cs, compensatory lengthening takes place in prefix (vav-qamets is the prefix)]
| Use of *simple sheva* as prefix - impf still translated as future tense.
58
What are the key ways to express the future tense?
1. use an imperfect verb with NO vav or with prefix vav-sheva
2. prefix **vav-sheva** to a perfect verb
59
What does WCI stand for?
**vav consecutive imperfect**
| or vav relative impf
or vav reversive impf
60
What is true when using the WCI?
* vowels usually stay same
* the 2nd radical vowel may change slightly
* the past-future relationship reverses
61
Which two weak roots often differ from regular imperfect verbs?
**Hollow verbs** almost always *collapse*
**III-He verbs** almost always *lose the He*
62
What is true of using vav-sheva with the perfect?
1. often used when imperfect was previously used in the narrative.
2. vowels DO NOT CHANGE!
3. REVERSES past to future
63
What does WCP stand for?
(**Waw Consecutive Perfect**)
or vav reversive perfect
or vav relative perfect
64
Translate:
(and) he entered
| (remember: past/future REVERSES with vav-patakh-dagesh)
## Footnote
here, the hollow verb collapsed
65
Translate:
(and) he uncovered
| (remember: past/future REVERSES with vav-patakh-dagesh)
## Footnote
here, He went away!
66
Translate:
(and) she uncovered OR
(and) you uncovered
| (remember: past/future REVERSES with vav-patakh-dagesh)
## Footnote
here, He went away!
67
Translate:
(and) I will remember
## Footnote
Remember, past/future reverses when perfect has vav-sheva
68
Translate:
it was and it will be
## Footnote
Remember, past/future reverses when perfect has vav-sheva
69
How do we change the tense of
1. perfect verbs?
2. imperfect verbs?
REVERSING tense:
1. perfect verbs get **vav-sheva** as prefix
2. imperfect verbs get **vav-patakh-dagesh** as prefix [or vav-qamets if precedes Alef as with the 1cs imperfect form]
| Remember that the vav may or may not be translated as "and"
