Sem 2: Quiz 2 Grammar Part 2 (Futato Ch 24) Volitives

Question 1

What are volitives?

What are the three volitives?

Answer 1

verb forms that express the will of the speaker
(what someone wants to happen)
They exist in all three persons:
1st-person - Cohortative “Let me/us listen!”
2nd-person - Imperative “Listen!”
3rd-person - Jussive “Let him/her/them listen!”

Question 2

How is the cohortative verb formed?

Answer 2

Formed by adding qamets-he afformative
to the imperfect form of a strong verb.

III-He weak verbs are identical to the imperfect:

Question 3

What is the difference in the following translations?

Answer 3

1. I will write
2. Let me write
   (#2 has the qamets-he ending on the impf, so it is cohortative)

Question 4

What is the difference in the following translations?

Answer 4

1. We will write
2. Let us write
   (#2 has the qamets-he ending on the impf, so it is cohortative)

Question 5

What is the difference in the following translations?

Answer 5

1. you(ms) will trust
2. Trust!
   (#2 has preformative removed from the impf, so it is imperative)

note that the impf had patakh as its theme vowel, so impv did too

Question 6

How is the imperative verb formed?

Answer 6

Formed by removing the preformative from the 2nd-person imperfect (and applying the “rule of sheva” with the FS & MP)

Notes:
* if the impf has patakh as theme vowel, so does the impv
* works both for strong and for most weak imperatives

Question 7

Translate:

Answer 7

Go!
Walk!

you(ms) form

root follows the I-Yod(vav) paradigm, behaving like yod-shin-vet

Question 8

Translate:

Answer 8

Give!

you(ms) form

root follows the I-Nun paradigm

Question 9

Translate:

Answer 9

Stand!

2ms

impv I-Gut

Question 10

Translate:

Answer 10

Stand!

2fs

impv I-Gut

Question 11

Translate:

Answer 11

Stand!

2mp

impv I-Gut

Question 12

Translate:

Answer 12

Stand!

2fp

impv I-Gut

Question 13

Translate:

Answer 13

Fall!

2ms

impv I-Nun

Question 14

Translate:

Answer 14

Fall!

2fs

impv I-Nun

Question 15

Translate:

Answer 15

Fall!

2mp

impv I-Nun

Question 16

Translate:

Answer 16

Fall!

2fp

impv I-Nun

Question 17

Translate:

Answer 17

Dwell!

2ms

impv I-Yod(vav)

Question 18

Translate:

Answer 18

Dwell!

2fs

impv I-Yod(vav)

Question 19

Translate:

Answer 19

Dwell!

2mp

impv I-Yod(vav)

Question 20

Translate:

Answer 20

Dwell!

2fp

impv I-Yod(vav)

Question 21

Translate:

Answer 21

Go away!

2ms

impv III-He

Question 22

Translate:

Answer 22

Go away!

2fs

impv III-He

Question 23

Translate:

Answer 23

Go away!

2mp

impv III-He

Question 24

Translate:

Answer 24

Go away!

2fp

impv III-He

Question 25

How are imperatives negated?

Answer 25

They are not!!!
Instead, the imperfect gets used with either:

Question 26

What tells me that the Hebrew is for sure a command?

Answer 26

אַל is only used with volitives!
When you see it, think “Do not…”

Question 27

What is true of strong and most weak
Qal jussives?

(Exceptions: III-He and hollow verbs)

Answer 27

• appear identical to the imperfect form
• Must use context to decide whether jus or impf
• If jussive, translate as: “May…” or as “Let him/her/them…”

Question 28

Translate:

Answer 28

not
(used only with cohortative and jussive)

Note it begins with alef; if begins with ayin, it means “on” or “upon”

Question 29

Translate the following:

Answer 29

Negation with imperfect verb

Question 30

Translate the following as a jussive:

Answer 30

the first Hebrew word, “yish-me-u” is translated as a jussive: “let (them) hear”

Question 31

What happens to III-He verbs in the jussive form?

Answer 31

The III-He goes away
(as it does when adding an afformative, or adding vav to the beginning, as in WCIs)

Question 32

What is the difference in the following translations?

Answer 32

1. He will reveal/remove
2. Let him reveal/remove
   (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)

Question 33

What is the difference in the following translations?

Answer 33

1. She will reveal/remove
2. Let her reveal/remove
   (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)

Question 34

In what forms of the jussive is a III-He verb different than the imperfect form?

Answer 34

Only the singular forms (ms, fs) lose the III-He and end up differing from the imperfect form of the verb.

Question 35

In what forms of the jussive do hollow verbs collapse?

Answer 35

Only the singular forms
MS/FS

Question 36

What is the difference in the following translations?

Answer 36

1. he will cry
2. Let him cry!
   (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)

Question 37

What is the difference in the following translations?

Answer 37

1. he will go up
2. Let him go up!
   (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)