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PHM701 > Exam 1 - Dementia > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What are other sources of cognitive impairment that can lead to dementia?

A

depression, B12 deficiency, NPH, hypothyroidism, infections

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2
Q

What is the cholinergic hypothesis?

A

concentrations of acetylcholine are markedly decreased in Alzheimer’s disease and restoration may reduce the severity of cognitive loss

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3
Q

What are the adverse effects of anticholinergics? (5)

A

blind as a bat, dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, red as a beet

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4
Q

What are the adverse effects of anticholinergics using SLUDGE acronym?

A

sialorrhea, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI (emesis, diarrhea), emesis

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5
Q

What are alternatives to oxybutynin? (4)

A

darifenacin, solifenacin, tolterodine, trospium

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6
Q

Which acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is most likely to cause vivid dreams?

A

donepezil (Aricept)

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7
Q

What are adverse effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

headache, insomnia, cardiac, anorexia and weight loss

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8
Q

What are contraindications for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

bradycardia/cardiac conduction system disease

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9
Q

What is the dosing for donepezil (Aricept)?

A

5/10/23 mg qhs

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10
Q

What is the dosing for rivastigmine (Exelon)?

A

6-12 mg bid

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11
Q

What is the only acetylcholinesterase inhibitor not metabolized by CYP enzymes?

A

rivastigmine (Exelon)

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12
Q

Which acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is most likely to cause GI upset (unless in patch form)?

A

rivastigmine (Exelon)

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13
Q

Which acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is CNS-selective but competitive?

A

galantamine (Razadyne)

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14
Q

What is the dosing for galantamine (Razadyne)?

A

4 mg bid

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15
Q

Which acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is safe to use in patients with renal and hepatic impairment?

A

donepezil (Aricept)

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16
Q

What is the MOA of memantine (Namenda)?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

17
Q

What is memantine (Namenda) approved for?

A

moderate to severe stages of AD

18
Q

What drug’s clearance is affected by alkaline urine?

A

memantine (Namenda)

19
Q

What are cautions for memantine (Namenda) use? (2)

A

seizure disorder and cardiovascular disease

20
Q

What is the dosing for memantine (Namenda) IR?

A

5 mg/d, titrate up by 5 mg/d until 20 mg

21
Q

What is the dosing for memantine (Namenda) ER?

A

7 mg/d, titrate up by 7 mg/d until 28 mg

22
Q

What is the renal adjustment for memantine (Namenda)?

A

CrCL < 30 = 5 mg/d up to 14 mg

23
Q

What is a requirement for starting Namzaric (memantine ER + donepezil)?

A

must start donepezil first and reach 10 mg before starting

24
Q

What is the dosing for aducanumab?

A

titrate to 10 mg/kg IV q 4 weeks

25
Q

What is a BBW for aducanumab?

A

ARIA

26
Q

How long does lecanemab delay dementia disease progression?

A

seven months

27
Q

What is the dosing for lecanemab?

A

10 mg/kg IV for 2 weeks

PHM701 (14 decks)

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