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Dentistry Human Disease > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three ways of delivering respiratory drugs?

A
  • inhalation
  • oral
  • intravenous
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2
Q

What are the two types of bronchodilators that improve airway patency?

A
  1. Beta 2 agonists
  2. Anticholinergics
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3
Q

What two drug types prevent mast cell degradation?

A
  1. Chromoglycate
  2. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
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4
Q

What main drug types can impair ventilation?

A
  • beta-blockers
  • respiratory depressants (benzodiazepines + opioids)
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5
Q

what specific effect do beta blockers have on ventilation?

A

Impair it as they make the airways narrow due to increased effect on smooth muscle constriction

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6
Q

What drug is used to improve gas exchange?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

what are the two ways of inhaled drug delivery?

A
  1. Meter dose inhaler (MDI) or “puffer”
  2. Breath activated device
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8
Q

what are the two types of breath activated devices?

A
  • spinhaler
  • turbohaler
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9
Q

what is the main issue with use of MDI’s?

A

A lot of the drug will be deposited around the oropharynx and may lead to local immunosuppression and candidiasis

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10
Q

Why are spinhalers/turbohalers preffered for use over MDI’s?

A

They deposit less of the drug in the oropharynx

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11
Q

What is a nebuliser used for/how?

A

Uses a liquid version of a drug, which is held in a small chamber. The compressor will blow air through the tube, cause it to bubble through the liquid drug. The bubble is coated with the drug and then breathed into the airway.

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12
Q

What are the two most common short acting beta agonist inhalers?

A
  • salbutamol
  • terbutaline
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13
Q

What colour are most short acting beta agonist inhalers?

A

Blue

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14
Q

What is the most common long acting beta agonist inhalers?

A

Salmeterol

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15
Q

What is usually the colour of long acting beta agonist inhalers?

A

Green

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16
Q

What is the main difference between short acting and long acting beta agonists?

A

The rate of onset

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17
Q

What is the rate of onset for short acting beta agonists?

A

2-3 minutes

18
Q

What is the rate of onset for long acting beta agonists?

A

1-2 hours

19
Q

How long does the effect of short acting beta agonists last?

A

4-6 hours

20
Q

How long does the effect of long acting beta agonists last?

A

12-15 hours

21
Q

How many different routes of administration are there for short acting beta agonists? And name them.

A

3:
- inhaled
- oral
- intravenous

22
Q

How many different routes of administration are there for long acting beta agonists? And name them.

A

1:
- inhaled

23
Q

What risks arise if a patient does not take an inhaled steroid with a long-lasting beta agonist?

A

Higher risk of acute coronary syndromes

24
Q

What is the function of anticholinergics?

A

They inhibit muscarinic nerve transmission in automatic nerves

25
Q

what type of drug has an additive effect in bronchial dilatation with beta agonists and is also effective at reducing mucous secretion?

A

Anticholinergics

26
Q

what colour of inhaler are anticholinergics?

A

Grey

27
Q

Give an example of an anticholinergic?

A

Ipratropium

28
Q

what colour of inhaler will a patient have if they are on typically used corticosteroids?

A

Brown

29
Q

name 4 corticosteroids used to reduce inflammation in the bronchial walls

A
  1. Beclomethasone
  2. Budesonide
  3. Fluticosone
  4. Mometasone
30
Q

What are the two main corticosteroids used in brown inhalers?

A
  1. Beclomethosone
  2. Budesonide
31
Q

what colour is a fluticosone inhaler?

A

Orange or yellow

32
Q

what colour is a mometasone inhaler?

A

Pink

33
Q

what are the three most common compound preparations?

A
  1. Seretide
  2. Fostair
  3. Symbicort
34
Q

What are compound preparations?

A

Inhaled steroid with long lasting beta agonist

35
Q

What does MART stand for?

A

Maintenance and reliever therapy

36
Q

What is MART used for?

A

Acute episodes as well as prevention

37
Q

Give an example of an inhaler used as a mast cell stabiliser

A

Chromoglycate inhaler

38
Q

Give an example of a Leukotriene inhibitor

A

Montelukast tablets

39
Q

What is the purpose of leukotriene inhibitors?

A

They prevent the release of chemical mediators in the bronchial wall. These chemical mediators initiate the process of asthma.

40
Q

What do biological medicines target?

A

Specific immune modulators within the inflammatory process

Dentistry Human Disease (29 decks)

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