Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do parasites differ from their free living counterpart?

A

sensory organs, locomotive organs, digestive tract, adherence location, reproduction

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2
Q

ectoparasites: flea

A

adapted to be blood suckers, no wings, simple eyes, compressed bodies, and backward projecting spines, hairs to feel vibration

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3
Q

endoparasites: tapeworm

A

no digestive tract, simple eyes, flat bodies, suckers for attachment, hermaphrodites

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4
Q

major rule for parasites

A

don’t eat to live but eat to reproduce

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5
Q

why do parasites depend on the host for reproduction?

A

need to reproduce fast and efficiently and spread stages to other hosts

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6
Q

parasite reproductive organs

A

high complexity and volume

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7
Q

stage specific adaptation is required because

A

there are different stages in intermediate/definitive host and environment, and some parasites have migrating stages in one host

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8
Q

migratory stages in one host

A

stages are guided by chemical signals in typical hosts, resistant to hostile micro-environment

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9
Q

stationary ectoparasites environment

A

little thermal stress, little desiccation, stable habitat

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10
Q

what does it mean if the parasite has a stable habitat?

A

limited physiological challenges by host

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11
Q

what do micro-environments provide?

A

many and highly concentrated nutrients

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12
Q

anaerobic metabolism (may be host dependent)

A

high rates of glucose utilization, low amino acid catabolism, no or low beta-oxidation of fatty acids

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13
Q

ectoparasite physiology

A

immune and chemokine factors may limit host spectrum, stationary parasites with limited survival without host access, often have hidden antigens to enhance hosts tolerance

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14
Q

ectoparasites on atypical hosts

A

atypical hosts would have a more severe immune response

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15
Q

changes in parasitized hosts: adaptive changes

A

to be discriminated from adverse reactions, like damage, disease, and malfunction, to parasites

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16
Q

types of adaptive changes

A

morphological/physiological changes and behavioral changes

17
Q

morphological/physiological changes in parasitized hosts: local

A

tissue cell composition and cell function

18
Q

morphological changes in parasite free regions: aim

A

compensate for functional (nutrient) losses