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History of Architecture > Significant Architectural Details > Flashcards

Significant Architectural Details Flashcards

Mastaba, Pyramid, Sphinx, Rock-cut Tombs, Temples

1
Q

Also called “Bench tomb”

A

Mastaba

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2
Q

What is the interior of mastabas made to stimulate?

A

Ancient Egypt residence

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3
Q

Regulated mound containing small rooms covering a board pit

A

Mastaba

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4
Q

Formed from wooden or crude mudbrick pillars > Covered in rubble > Walled in mud bricks

A

Building process of a Mastaba

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5
Q

Who’s mastabas are highly colored and decorated?

A

Royalty

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6
Q

Usually located on eastern side of tomb, facing the Nile river. Believed to guide the spirit of the dead inside the mastaba

A

Fake Door

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7
Q

the period when they developed stairway mastaba because of tomb raiders

A

2nd and 3rd Dynasty

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8
Q

The period when they developed a small offering chapel in the mastaba

A

4th Dynasty

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9
Q

The period when the offering room/chapel became more elaborate

A

5th and 6th Dynasty

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10
Q

Less rooms than the mastaba, usually made to confuse tomb robbers

A

Solid Dummy Mastaba

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11
Q

The place where the sarcophagus/mummy case is located

A

Mastaba Reproducing House

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12
Q

Where deceased member of the family is buried (Mastaba)

A

Serdab

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13
Q

Offerings are placed here (Mastaba)

A

Outer Chamber

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14
Q

Important elements of a Mastaba

A

Entrance, Court, Serdabs, Offering room

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15
Q

Burial Chamber & Mummy of the Pharaoh
Inspired by the mastaba

A

Pyramids

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16
Q

How they raise stone blocks from one level to another

A

Pivoted levers

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17
Q

Burial at the Pyramid Complex: Where the ceremony starts

A

Nile River

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18
Q

Burial at the Pyramid Complex: (Second phase) where they pass through for purification

A

Valley Temple

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19
Q

Burial at the Pyramid Complex: Third phase

A

Travel through the causeway

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20
Q

Burial at the Pyramid Complex: Fourth Phase

A

Go through the mortuary temple

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21
Q

for pharaohic princesses

A

subtiary pyramids

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22
Q

First pyramid ever made

A

Step Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqara

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23
Q

First large scale monument in stone

A

Step Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqara

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24
Q

Oldest surviving masonry

A

Step Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqara

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25
Q

Father of Architecture

A

Imhotep

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26
Q

Pyramid originated from his idea of stacking up mastabas

A

Imhotep

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27
Q

Pyramid of Huni, the last king of the 3rd dynasty

A

Pyramid of Meidum

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28
Q

Bent Pyramid of Snefru
Lower part: ?
Upper part: ?

A

LP: 54 UP: 43

29
Q

Around pyramid was a double walled rectangular enclosure, offering chapel and mortuary temple on the east, and causeway leading to the valley building

A

Bent Pyramid of Snefru

30
Q

Made after the abandonment of the bent pyramid

A

North Pyramid of Snefru, Dah-Shur

31
Q

Blocks of stones transported by Nile river
and dragged in the desserts by sled

A

The Great Pyramid of Giza

32
Q

The Three Pyramids of Giza

A

The great pyramid (Khufu), the pyramid of Khafre, and the pyramid of Menkaure

33
Q

Made for the second King of the 4th Dynasty. The largest among three pyramids in site

A

The Great Pyramid of Cheops

34
Q

Second pyramid in the complex. Less large than the pyramid of Cheops. Has only one chamber

A

The Great Pyramid of Chephren

35
Q

Smallest among the Giza Pyramid complex. Belongs to the grandson of Cheops.

A

The Great Pyramid of Menkaure

36
Q

Landing and reception point for the mummy prior to offering and burial

A

The Valley Temple

37
Q

Carved from spur of rock: Head of chephren wearing the royal headdress, false beard, cobra brow ornament, and has a body of a lion

A

The Great Sphinx of Chephren

38
Q

Body of lion, head of man

A

Androsphinx

39
Q

Body of lion, head of hawk

A

Heirosphinx

40
Q

Body of lion, head of ram

A

Criosphinx

41
Q

A Pyramid with Triple series of enormous paired stone false arches. Offering chapel is incorporated with temple.

A

Pyramid of Sahura, Abusir

42
Q

Kingdom in the 11th - 17th Dynasty

A

Middle Kingdom

43
Q

Developed the third type of tomb, the Rock- Hewn Tomb

A

Menthetep II

44
Q

Erected the earliest known Obelisk

A

Senusrets

45
Q

Found the Great Temple at Karnak and the Great Temple of Ammon.

A

Amenemhat I

46
Q

Belongs to the provincial great family during the 11th and 12th dynasty

A

Beni Hasan Tombs

47
Q

A tomb hewn out of native rock, presenting only an architectural front with dark interior chambers, of which the sections are supported by masses of stone left in the form of solid pillars.

A

Rock-cut tomb

48
Q

Location of the tomb of the kings

A

Thebes, where stairs, passages and chamber extend as into the mountain side and up to below the valley floor.

49
Q

Where the sarcophagus in the Tomb of the kings lay

A

rock-columned hall

50
Q

Makes up the walls of the tombs

A

Paintings of ceremonial funerary scenes and religious

51
Q

Location of the Valley of the Kings

A

A long narrow defile just west of the Nile river in Upper Egypt part of the city of Thebes

52
Q

Dynasties of the reign of the pharaohs who are buried in the valley of kings?

A

18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties

53
Q

Timeline from Thutmus I to Ramses X.

A

1539BC - 1075BC

54
Q

a large stone coffin (often of granite) in which the mummy was interred

A

Sacophagus

55
Q

What was decorated all over the sarcophagus?

A

hieroglyphs, which provide some of the finest examples of Egyptian art

56
Q

Egyptian Art

A

Hieroglyphics

57
Q

2 Types of Temples

A

Mortuary and Cult Temples

58
Q

temples for the popular worship of the ancient and mysterious gods

A

Cult

59
Q

Tenples for the ministration defied pharaohs

A

mortuary

60
Q

Parts of an Egyptian Temple

A

Avenue of Sphinx, Entrance Pylon, Hypaethral Court, Hypostyle Hall, Sanctuary

61
Q

the site of ceremonial processions and originally connected to the temples

A

The avenue of sphinx

62
Q

massive sloping tower fronted by an obelisk/obelisks, Known to be the gateway in Egyptian Temple

A

Entrance Pylon

63
Q

A large court open to the sky

A

Hypaethral court

64
Q

pillared hall in which the roof rest on columns

A

Hypostyle Hall

65
Q

Usually surrounded by passages and chamber used in connection with the temple services.

A

Sanctuary

66
Q

The object inside the sanctuary of a temple that symbolizes the journey of their spirit in the afterife

A

Boat

67
Q

An example of a Cult temple

A

Temple of Konsu, Karnak

68
Q

Characterized by entrance pylons, a court hypostyle hall, sanctuary, and various chapels, all enclosed by a high girdle wall

A

Temple of Konsu

History of Architecture (7 decks)

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