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History of Architecture > Ancient Roman Architecture > Flashcards

Ancient Roman Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

Rome has a commanding position in the

A

Miditerranean Sea

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2
Q

The Mediterranean Sea enables them to act as an intermediary in spreading art and civilization over

A

Europe Western Asia & North Africa

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3
Q

Chief building material in roman archi

A

Concrete

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4
Q

Formed of stone or brick rubble and a mortar

A

Conrete

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5
Q

Derived from one of the primary deposits of volcanic ash

A

Pozzolana

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6
Q

Also have ample supplies of ..? (roman archi)

A

Marbles, terra cotta, stones, bricks, sand, gravel and timber

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7
Q

Rome was divided into 3 regions. What regions were they?

A

North Italy, Central Italy, South Italy

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8
Q

Climate of North italy

A

TemperateC

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9
Q

Climate of Central Italy

A

Sunny and comforting

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10
Q

Climate of south italy

A

Tropical

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11
Q

During etruscan period, what was their religious belief?

A

They pattern their gods from the gods of greeks

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12
Q

Part of the constitution of the state

A

Religion

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13
Q

Venerated more .. than gods (roman archi)

A

Emperors

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14
Q

Instead of temples for worship, they have.. to pray (roman archi)

A

Shrines in their respective domus

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15
Q

Important emperor who patronizes architecture in rome

A

Nero, Vespasian, Trojan, Hadrian, Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Diocletian

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16
Q

… is revealed in their architecture (roman)

A

Social Life

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17
Q

Romans had a love for extravagance, thats why they created..

A

Circus, Thermae, Amphitheater, Theaters, Basillicas, State temples, Apartment/Domus, Forum

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18
Q

Romans are not known to be colonizers but..?

A

Conquerors

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19
Q

Romans ha an outward expression of the national love of

A

Power

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20
Q

Etruscan Architecture

A

750BC-100BC

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21
Q

Earliest civilization in rome

A

Etruscan Architrcture

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22
Q

Great Builders and large scale undertakings

A

Etruscan Architecture

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23
Q

Construction system of Etruscan Architecture

A

Earliest use of true or radiating arch

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24
Q

Materials in Etruscan Architecture

A

Stone: Tuffa, peperino, travertine, lavastone, sand and gravel
Earth for making terracotta and bricks
Concrete

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25
Q

Roman Architecture

A

300 BC-365AD

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26
Q

Description of Roman Architcture

A

-Utilitarian, practical, economic use of material
-Complex of great constructive ability

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27
Q

Construction system of Roman Architrcture

A

-Greek orders use as decorative features which could be ommited
-Adopted columnar and trabeated style of greeks
-Developed arch and vault system started by etruscans, combine use of columns, beams and arch

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28
Q

Materials of roman architecture

A

Marbles (mostly white), Concrete (to build vaults of a magnitude never equaled until 19th century steel construction)

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29
Q

Architectural Character of Roman Architecture

A

Vastness and Magnificence
Ostentation and Ornateness

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30
Q

A vault having semicircular cross section

A

Semi Circular/Wagon Headed/Barrel Vault

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31
Q

A compound vault formed by a perpendicular intersection of two vaults forming arched diagonal arises called groins. Also called groin vault

A

Cross Vault

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32
Q

A dome having the form of a hemisphere, also called semicircular dome

A

Hemispherical Dome

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33
Q

Parts of the arch

A

Foundation, Pier, Impost, Voussoir, Keystone

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34
Q

Two column capitals of roman archi

A

Composite Order, Tuscan Order

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35
Q

Combination of Ionic and Corinthian

A

Composite Order

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36
Q

Modified by superimposing four diagonal set ionic volutes on a bell of corinthian acanthus leaves

A

Corinthian Order

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37
Q

A simplified roman doric characterized by unfluted column and a plain base, capital, and entablature having no decoration other than molding

A

Tuscan Order

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38
Q

Made of rectangular blocks of stone with or without mortar joints but frequently secured with dowels and cramps (Roman concrete walls)

A

Opus Quadratum

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39
Q

Made up of small stones laid in a loose pattern roughly assembling the polygonal work (Roman Concrete walls)

A

Opus Incertum

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40
Q

Fine joints were diagonal lines like the meshes of a net (Roman Concrete walls)

A

Opus Recticulatum

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41
Q

Triangular bricks specially made for facing the walls (Roman concrete walls)

A

Opus Testaceum

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42
Q

Consisted of bands of “tufa” introduced at intervals in the ordinary brick facing or alteration of rectangular blocks with small square stone blocks (Roman Concrete Walls)

A

Opus Mixtum

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43
Q

Etruscans were probably originated in

A

Asia Minor

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44
Q

Etruscans settled in

A

West Central Italy between the rivers of arno and tper

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45
Q

From early times, the etruscans marked the resting places of the dead by

A

Tumuli (Earth mounds)

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46
Q

Tumulus was built together in vast number and were arranged in rows, as?

A

Cerveteri (Caere)

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47
Q

One of the most magnificent etruscan sepulchral monuments. The original (probably royal) tomb dates from 650 BC and consist of a tumulus with two stone chambers.

A

Regolini Galassi, Cerveteri (Caere)

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48
Q

The burial chamber of Regolini Galassi is

A

Rectangle and has an unusual roof, built like the dome of Mycenean tholos, corbeled, and reached via a long passageway (dromos) with side chambery

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49
Q

Built in imitation of houses, arranged along pave streets.

A

House tomb

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50
Q

Free standing, cut directly out of the rock. Entrances were typically surrounded by an elegant frame with tapering door posts and lintels projecting right an left

A

Cube tomb

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51
Q

One of the extraoridnary funerary monument of the renowned etruscan king of the 6th century BC. This has a rectangular podium carrying five cones, which carried two similar storeys.

A

Tomb of Porsenna, Chiusi (Clusium)

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52
Q

never back down never what??????

A

NEVER GIVE UP BITCHHH

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53
Q

Many etruscans temples were divided into three cellas. This reflected the worshi[ pf a triad, the three divinities usually being

A

Tinia (Jupiter), Uni (Juno) and Minvra (Minerva)

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53
Q

Etruscan temples were always set on

A

High podia (platform), constructed of ashlar masonry

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54
Q

Etruscan columns seems to have been a?

A

Simplified version of the greek columns, they were unfluted, with base and plai capital

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54
Q

Etruscan temple decoration

A

Lavishly decorated with painted terracota, which served partly to protect wooden elements of the structure

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54
Q

Open space used as a meeting place, amrket, or rendezvous for political demonstrator

A

Forum

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55
Q

Rectangular forum plaza surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of rome, oldest and most important, used as a hippodrome

A

Forum Romanum, Rome

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56
Q

-Largest
- Was the last of the imperial fora to be constructed in Ancient rome

A

Forum of Trajan, Rome

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57
Q

Architect of Forum of Trajan, Rome

A

Apollodorus of Damascus

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58
Q

Used pseudo-peripheral (half collonade attached to the naos walls raised in a podium, oriented towards the south

A

Rectangular temples

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59
Q

The main temple dedicated to the god portunus in the city. It is in the ionic order and is still more familiar by the erroneous designation, the temple of fortuna virilis given it by antiquaries.

A

Temple of Portunus, Rome

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60
Q

stands in the forum of augustus in rome and was built to commemorate Augustus’ victory in 42 BCE at the battle of philippi over the assassins of Julius Caesar

A

Temple of Mars Ultor, Rome

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61
Q

One of the most beautiful and well preserved templs of the Roman world. It was built in Nimes around 20BC by Marcus Agrippa

A

Maison Carree, Nimes

62
Q

Derived from the temples of the greeks and the etruscans which became the prototype f christian baptistry

A

Circular and polygonal temples

63
Q
  • The most sacred shrine and source of roman life and power
  • The temple’s most recognizable feature is its circular footpring
A

Temple of Vesta, Rome

64
Q
  • Most famous and perfect preservation of all ancient buildings in Rome
  • was converted into a christian church named Sta Maria Rotonda
A

The Pantheon, Rome

65
Q

Open space used as a meeting place, market, or rendezvous for poltical demonstrators

A

Forum

66
Q

Rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of rome

A

Forum Romanum, Rome

67
Q

Oldest and most important, used as hippodrome

A

Forum Romanum, Rome

68
Q

Largest, was the last of the imperial fora to be constructed in ancient rome. The architect apallodorus of damascus oversaw its construction

A

Forum of trojan, rome

69
Q

Used pseudo-pheripheral (half collonate attached to the naos wall, raised in a podium, oriented towards the south)

A

Rectangular Temples

70
Q

The main temple dedicated to the god Portunus in the city. It is in the ionic order and is still more familiar by its erroneous designation.

A

Temple of Portunus, Rome

71
Q

Stands in the forum of augustus in rome and was built to commemorate augustus’ victory in 42BCE at the battle of Philippi over the assassins of Julius Caesar

A

Temple of Mars Ultor, Rome

72
Q

One of the most beautiful and well preserved temples of the roman world, Built in nimes around 20BC by Marcus Agrippa

A

Maison Carree, Nimes

73
Q

Derived from the temples of the greeks and the etruscans wwhich became the prototype of christian baptistry

A

Circular and Polygonal Temples

74
Q

The most sacred shrine and source of Roman life and power, the temple’s most recognizable feature is its circular footprint

A

Temple of Vesta, Rome

75
Q

Most famous and perfect preservation of all ancient buildings in rome, it was converted into a christian church named Sta. Maria Rotonda

A

The Pantheon, Rome

76
Q

Exterior of Pantheion: The temple consists of a ?

A

Drum divided into three layers, surmounted by a shallow dome, attached to a portico of eight columns in width by three in depth.

77
Q

Originally, the exterior of pantheon was covered in ?

A

Covered in stucco, but it now has brick faced concrete.

78
Q

What is the name for “opening to the sky”?

A

Oculus

79
Q

The dome of the pantheon consisted of five layers, how many coffers per layer?

A

28

80
Q

Large oblong building use as a hall of justice and public meeting place

A

Basilicas

81
Q

Known as Basilica Ulpia located inside the Trojan Forum, built by apollodarus of damascus

A

Trojan Basilica, Rome

82
Q

Known as Basilica of Constantine and Maxentius in Rome, largest building in the forum

A

Basilica of Constantine, Rome

83
Q

An elaborated public bath establishment, consist of hot, warm, and cool plunges, sweat rooms, athletic and other facilities

A

Thermae

84
Q

Three main parts of thermae

A

Main building or Central Structure with Chief Apartments
Xystus or Public Park
An outer ring of apartments

85
Q

Warm room (Parts of Thermae Main Building)

A

Tepidarium

86
Q

Hot room, or with hot water bath (Parts of Thermae Main Building)

A

Caldarium

87
Q

Cooling room (Parts of Thermae Main Building)

A

Frigidarium

88
Q

Dry sweating room (Parts of Thermae Main Building)

A

Sudarium

89
Q

Dressing room (Parts of Thermae Main Building)

A

Apoditerium

90
Q

for physical exercise (Parts of Thermae Main Building)

A

Palaestra

91
Q

Place for oils and perfumes (Parts of Thermae Main Building)

A

Unctuaria

92
Q

Game room (Parts of Thermae Main Building)

A

Sphaeristerium

93
Q

With a capacity of 1,600 bathers, second largest of its kind

A

Thermae of Caracalla, Rome

94
Q

The emperor who extended Roman Citizenship to all freemen in the empire, Largely, it is to raise taxis for such projects as his wildly popular bath.

A

The infamous Caracalla A.D 118-217

95
Q

Largest with capacity of 3,000 bathers

A

Thermae of Diocletian, Rome

96
Q

Small private bath in roman palaces and houses containing tepidarium, caldarium, and frigidarium

A

Balneum

97
Q

were built up by means of concrete vaulting, and supporting tiers of seats. It was restricted to a semicircle.

A

Theater or Odeon

98
Q

The largest nd most important theatre in Rome during the reign of Augustus. The architecture of the theatre would ebcome a standard feature of theatres across the empire and influence the facade of such iconic buildings as the colosseum

A

Theatre of Marcellus, Rome

99
Q

An oval or round building with tiers of seats around a central arena, as those used in ancient Rome for gladhatorial contests and spectacles.

A

Amphitheater or Colosseum

100
Q

Known as Flavian Amphitheater, commenced by Vespasian and completed by Domitian

A

The Colosseum, Rome

101
Q

The essential challenge of the design of this structure was how to facilitate the flow of a + maximum of 50,000 spectators

A

The Colosseum, Rome

102
Q

What comprises the ellipse plan of The Colosseum?

A

80 radiating walls, 76 number of entrances, 4 porticos for entrances to the imperial box

103
Q

What is the foundation of The Colosseum?

A

Concrete

104
Q

What are the interior materials of The Colosseum?

A

Radial walls of tufa rising to brick-faced concrete at the top

105
Q

What is the exterior material of The Colosseum?

A

Tavertine

106
Q

The structural approach used to carry the seating of The Colosseum?

A

Arctuated sub-structure

107
Q

Radiating staircases took people to their seats, each wedge of which was known as?

A

a cunneus

108
Q

What are the two functions of the outer ring of corridor of The Colosseum?

A

To facilitate the movement of the crowds and to buttress the outward thrust of the building

109
Q

The material for the first three stories of the colosseum accomodating the upper classes

A

Marble

110
Q

The material for the seating for the poorer member of the society in the colosseum

A

Wooden

111
Q

What can be found below the floor of the colosseum whore the animals participants, and scenery were housed prior io entering the stadium.

A

a series of corridors and service passapes

112
Q

horse and chariot racing derived from Greek Hippodrome

A

Circus

113
Q

A circus with a total length of 2,000 ft. long and 650 ft. wide and has the capacity of 255.000 spectators.

A

Circus Maximus, Rome

114
Q

5 classes of tombs

A

Coemetria, Monumental, Pyramidal, Temple-shaped, Sculpture memorials

115
Q

also known as subterranean vaults and later were called Catacombs by the Early Christian period.

A

Coemetria

116
Q

2 types of coemetria

A

Columbaria and Loculi

117
Q

a type of tomb where niches formed in the rock to receive a vase containing the ashes of the deceased and with the name inscribed thereon.

A

Columbaria

118
Q

A type of tomb or recess for corpse were sealed with a front slab inscribed with the name

A

Loculi

119
Q

consisted of a large cylindrical blocks, often on a quadrangular podium, topped with a conocal crown or earth or stone.

A

Monumental Tombs

120
Q

followed the design of the Egyptian pyramid,

A

Pyramidal Tombs

121
Q

usually consisted of a mortuary chapel often having a colonnaded portico or peristyle.

A

Temple shaped Tombs

122
Q

minor tombs, small but richly ornate outside.

A

Sculptured Memorials

123
Q

erected to commemorate victorious campaign of Emperors and Generals.

A

Triumphal Arches

124
Q

It was constructed in c. 82 AD by the Roman Emperor Domitian shortly after the death of his older brother Titus to commemorate
Titus’ victories

A

Arch of Titus, Rome

125
Q

Used as a protective wall & commemorative monument.

A

Town gateways and Archways

126
Q

Used as an ornamental portals to forum or market places.

A

Town Gateways and Archways

127
Q

Arch built main street intersection which were colonnaded

A

Town Gateways and Archways

128
Q

An example of a town gateway built by Agustus in the name of his sister.

A

Portico of Octavia, Rome

129
Q

were erected to record triumphs of victorious generals (conquered by land)

A

Pillars of Victory Monumental Columns

130
Q

An example of monumental columns built in the time of the Emperors to celebrate naval victories and took their name from the rostra or row of captured ships.

A

Rostral Column, Rome

131
Q

The marble column is of the Roman Doric order, and it measures 125 feet (38 metres high together with the pedestal, or base, which contains a chamber that served as Trajan’s tomb.

A

Trajan’s Column

132
Q

125 feet (38 metres high)

A

Height of the Trajan’s Column

133
Q

House for the Emperors

A

Palaces

134
Q

largest palace and often called “a city in a house” covered a total of 8 acres, almost the size of Escorial, Spain.

A

Palace of Diocletian, Spalato

135
Q

also known as Domus Aurea, was a large landscaped portico villa built by the Emperor Nero in the heart of ancient Rome, after the great fire in A.D. 64 had cleared away the aristocratic dwellings on the slopes of the Palatine Hill.

A

Golden House of Nero, Rome

136
Q

3 Types of Roman Dwellings:

A

Domus, Villa, and Insula

137
Q

Domus main entrance hall

A

Vestibulum

138
Q

Domus: Foyer or where the guests are greeted

A

Atrium

139
Q

Domus: Drain pool that gathers rain water

A

Impluvium

140
Q

Portico inside the Domus

A

Fauces

141
Q

Open living room of Domus

A

Tablinum

142
Q

Dining room in Domus

A

Triclinum

143
Q

Recesses for conversation in Domus

A

Alae

144
Q

Domus bedroom

A

Cubiculum

145
Q

Domus kitchen

A

Culina

146
Q

Domus servant’s entrance

A

Posticum

147
Q

a luxurious country house with surrounding terraces and garden, colonnade, palaestrae, theaters, and thermae.

A

Villa or Country House

148
Q

multi-leveled tenement also known as Worker’s Dwelling

A

Insula or Apartment Block

149
Q

use for water supply, with smooth channel with hard cement and carried on arches, in several tiers

A

Aqueducts

150
Q

multi-leveled tenement also known as Worker’s Dwelling

A

Insula or Apartment Block

151
Q

striking features of ancient and modern Rome.

A

Fountains

152
Q

2 Types of Fountains

A

Lacus & Salientes

153
Q

fountain designed similar to a large basin of water

A

Lacus

154
Q

fountain similar to a large basin of Water with sprouting jets

A

Salientes

155
Q

simple, solid and practical construction designed to resist the rush of water,

A

Bridge or Pons

History of Architecture (7 decks)

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