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The Reproductive System > 13.9 Fertilization and Cleavage > Flashcards

13.9 Fertilization and Cleavage Flashcards

1
Q

What is the corona radiata?

A

protective layer of granulosa cells surrounding the secondary oocyte

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2
Q

What two components surround the secondary oocyte?

A

corona radiata
zona pellucida

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3
Q

What is sperm capacitation?

A

dilution of inhibitory substances present in the semen

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4
Q

When does sperm capacitation occur?

A

when sperm are deposited by the cervix during intercourse

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5
Q

What is fertilization?

A

fusion of spermatozoan with secondary oocyte

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6
Q

Where does fertilization normally occur?

A

uterine tube

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the acrosome reaction?

A

allows the sperm to penetrate the corona radiate and then bind to and penetrate the zona pellucida

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8
Q

What is the acrosome?

A

large vesicle on the sperm head containing hydrolytic enzymes which are released by exocytosis

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9
Q

What occurs once the sperm and egg fuse?

A

sperm nucleus enters the secondary oocyte causing the secondary oocyte to undergo and complete meiosis II

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10
Q

What forms once secondary oocyte completes meiosis II?

A

ootid and second polar body

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11
Q

What is an ovum?

A

mature ootid

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12
Q

When does a zygote form?

A

when the sperm and egg nuclei fuse together

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13
Q

What is polyspermy?

A

penetration of an egg by more than one sperm

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14
Q

What normally prevents polyspermy from occuring?

A

fast block and slow block

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15
Q

What is fast block to polyspermy?

A

depolarization of the egg plasma membrane preventing other sperm from fusing with the cell membrane

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16
Q

What is slow block to polyspermy also known as?

A

cortical reaction

17
Q

What causes slow block to polyspermy?

A

calcium influx caused by the initial depolarization during fast block

18
Q

What are the three phases of the cortical reaction?

A
  1. swelling of the space between the zona and plasma membrane
  2. hardening of the zone
  3. egg activation = increase in metabolism and protein synthesis
19
Q

When does embryogenesis occur?

A

within hours of fertilization

20
Q

What is cleavage?

A

first stage of embrogenesis

21
Q

What occurs during cleavage?

A

zygote undergoes many cell divisions to produce a ball of cells known as the morula

22
Q
A

The Reproductive System (17 decks)

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