Main Ideas Flashcards
What did Brazelton suggest
That the basic rhythm of interactional synchrony and reciprocity are the bases for later communication
What did meltzoff and Moore study
Interactional synchrony
- 2 - 3 week on babies
- used an adult model who displayed facial expressions and hand gestures in a sequence (a dummy was in their mouth to prevent any response)
- found that there was an association between the infant behaviour and adult model
- later found in 3 day old - the fact that they’re so young ruled out that the imitation behaviours were learned - must be innate
What the Meltzoff and Moore suggest after
That the imitation was intentional
What did Jean Piaget suggest
That only true imitation came towards the end of the first year. Anything before was a form of operant conditioning - the baby makes and action and is rewarded in praise or affection
What did Murray and Trevarthen study
- support for meltzoff and Moore
- two month old interacts over video with mother over call
- in next section the mother is a recording - doesn’t respond
- baby showed distress
- shows that infants are actively eliciting a repose.
- this shows that the infant is active and intentional
What are the 4 stages of attachment
- Asocial
- Pre social
- Specific attachment
- Multiple attachments
Who proposed the 4 stages of attachemnt
Schaffer and Emerson
Describe the Asocial stage
0-2 months
Similar responses to all objects and people
Beginning to show preference for social stimuli
Reciprocity and interactional synchrony play roles in establishing relationships
Describe the Presocial stage
2 months
Prefer human company
Do not show stranger anxiety
Describe the specific attachment stage
Formed their primary attachment figure
Shows separation anxiety
65% of children’s PAF was their mother
3% Father
Further 30% who had their mother, the mother was also the first join object
Describe the multiple attachment stage
Around 8-10 months
Multiple attachments can be formed
Within 1 month 29% had multiple attachments after 6 months 78%
what did lamb study
Lamb found that there was little relationship between father accessibility and infant-father attachment
what did Lorenz study
The effects of infant imprinting by using goslings
what was Lorenz’s study procedure
took a clutch of gosling eggs and divided then in 2. One group was left with the natural mother and the other group in incubator so the first moving object they saw was Lorenz.
what were Lorenz’s findings
The group left with the mother imprinted onto her and would follow her around while the group left with Lorenz imprinted onto him and would follow him around.