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Year 10 > PSYCH STUDY PERCEPTUION TEST > Flashcards

PSYCH STUDY PERCEPTUION TEST Flashcards

1
Q

Define Attention

A

the process of focusing on specific stimuli or aspects of the sensory environment whilst ignoring and excluding others.

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of attention?

A

Sustained, Divided and Selective

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3
Q

What is sustained attention?

A

the maintenance of attention on a specific stimulus or task for a continuous period of time without being distracted.

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4
Q

What is divided attention?

A

the ability to distribute our attention so two or more activities may be performed simultaneously. Can use more than one sense.

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5
Q

What is selective attention?

A

choosing and attending to a specific stimulus whilst excluding other stimuli.

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6
Q

define the stroop effect

A

the delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli.

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7
Q

Define congruent stimuli

A

compatiable stimuli

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8
Q

Define incongruent stimuli

A

incompatiable stimuli

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9
Q

why does the stroop effect occur?

A

Speed of processing or selective attention theory.

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10
Q

define the speed of processing theory

A

reading words process faster than listening and hearing sounds

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11
Q

define the selective attention theory

A

listening and processing sounds takes more attention than reading words.

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12
Q

sensation

A

process of capturing stimuli from environment by our senses

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13
Q

perception

A

the process of interpreting and giving meaning to sensory information

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14
Q

What are the 3 stages of sensation?

A

RTT

reception, transduction and transmission

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15
Q

Define the reception stage

A

the process in which our sense organs first receive information about the stimulus in the environment

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16
Q

Define the transduction stage

A

the process in which raw sensory data is received by sense organs and converted into a neural message

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17
Q

Define the transmission stage

A

the process of sending the neural messages to areas of the brain to process the sensory information

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18
Q

Define Top-Down Processing

A

a perceptual process that starts with the bigger picture and then works down to the smaller details

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19
Q

Define Bottom-up Processing

A

a perceptual process that starts with raw sensory info that is sent to the brain to be put together to make the bigger picture.

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20
Q

What are the 3 perception stages

A

SOI

selection, organisation and interpretation

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21
Q

Define the selection stage

A

detecting and filtering neural impulses.

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22
Q

Define the Organisation Stage

A

grouping elements to form a meaning whole and attempting to identify objects based on past experiences.

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23
Q

Define the interpretaion Stage

A

incoming sensory information is given meaning.

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24
Q

Define Depth Perception

A

the ability to accurately estimate the distance of objects and therefore perceive the world in three dimensions

bi

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25
Q

Define Convergence

A

depth and distance interpreted from changes in the eye muscles tension that occurs when objects are too close

bi

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26
Q

define retinal disparity

A

the difference between the visual images cast on the retina of each eye due to the different angle

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27
Q

accommodation

A

the automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens to focus an object in response to changes in the objects distance.

28
Q

linear perspective

A

the apparent convergence of parallel lines as they recede into the distance

29
Q

interposition

A

OVERLAP

30
Q

texture gradient

A

if its too far it gets blurry

31
Q

relative size

A

if an object is large its close and if it is small its far

32
Q

height in visual field

A

objects close to horizon are far and objects far from horizon are close

33
Q

figure ground

A

divides a visual stimulus into a figure which stand out from all other visual information (background)

34
Q

contour

A

the line between the figure and ground

35
Q

closure

A

mentally closes images
ignoring gaps

36
Q

similarity

A

look the same part of the same

37
Q

proximity

A

close? part of the same group

38
Q

5 Influences to perceptual set

A

past experiences
memory
emotional state
context
motivation

39
Q

perceptual set

A

a predisposition to perceive things in a certain way

40
Q

social factors

A

influences from external envionment

culture

41
Q

define pictorial depth cues

A

a two dimension picture in which three dimensions inferences can be made

42
Q

What are the 5 tastes

A

Salty, Bitter, Sweet, Sour, Umami (savoury)

43
Q

6 influences on taste perception

A

CAP GAF

culture
age
perceptual set
genetics
appearance
food packaging

44
Q

define super taster

A

person who tastes certain flavors and foods more strongly than other people

45
Q

define perceptual distortion

A

an inconsistency between a perceptual experience and physical reality

46
Q

define visual illusion

A

a misperception of external visual stimuli

47
Q

define agnosia

A

loss or impairment of the ability to identify objects, people, sounds or other sensory stimuli.

48
Q

define miraculin

A

berry that attaches to sour acids and makes them sweet

49
Q

synaesthesia

A

when 2 sensory systems cross over in an abnormal and involuntary way.

50
Q

spatial neglect

A

fail to notice anything on left or right side of brain

51
Q

What are the 4 gestalt principals?

A
  • Figure ground
  • closure
  • proximity
  • similarity
52
Q

What is an example of a biological visual perception factor?

A

Depth cues

53
Q

What are examples of psychological visual perception factors?

A

gestalt principals and perceptual set

54
Q

What is an example of a social visual perception factor?

A

culture

55
Q

What is are examples of biological gustatory perception factors?

A

genetics and age

56
Q

What is are examples of psychological gustatory perception factors?

A

memory and food packaging/appearance

57
Q

What is an example of a social gustatory perception factor?

A

culture

58
Q

What is the muller-lyer illusion?

A
  • two identical vertical lines, one has outward arrows at the end and one has inward arrows
  • The line with the arrow looks longer due to the carpeting hypothesis
59
Q

What is the carpeting hypothesis?

A

the illusion occurs due to the similarity of familiar architechtural features in the 3D world

60
Q

What is the ames room illusion?

A
  • a trapezium shaped room that is longer and higher on one side than the other
  • when viewed through a peep hole it appears as a standard rectangle
  • people on the taller side look abnormally shorter than people on the regular side
61
Q

What are the causes of agnosia?

A

suddenly - traumatic brain injury
gradually - brain tumour or toxin

62
Q

What gets damaged for agnosia to occur?

A

damage along neural pathways that process perceptual information

63
Q

How do you treat agnosia?

A

rehabilitation (helping cope and adapt to condition)

64
Q

What main 3 things help with the judgement of flavours?

A
  • perceputal set
  • colour intensity
  • texture
65
Q

In what 2 ways does texture influence judgement of flavour?

A

surface area and time spent in mouth

66
Q

What causes synaeshesia?

A

excess of neural connections that should have been pruned or hyper excitable/ extra sensitive to external stimuli

Year 10 (15 decks)

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