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Psychology 105 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Phrenology

A

Studying bumps on the skull, invented by Franz Gall

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2
Q

Biological Psychologists

A

Use the biology of the mind combined with the psychological aspects

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3
Q

What is neuroplasticity

A

The changes that occur to the mind due to life

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4
Q

What are neurons

A

Nerve cells

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5
Q

What do dendrite fibers do?

A

Receive and integrate information

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6
Q

What do axon fibers do?

A

Passes messages through its terminal branch to other neurons/muscles

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7
Q

Dendrites ____, while axon ____

A

Dendrites listens while axon speaks

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8
Q

Dendrite vs axon length

A

Dendrites are short, axons can be long

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9
Q

What cells support nerve cells?

A

Glial cells (gluey cells)

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10
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

Support the billions of neurons

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11
Q

What do glial cells provide?

A

Myelin, guiding neural connections, and “chatting” to help memory and learning

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12
Q

Neurons transmit information when __

A

Stimulated by senses

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13
Q

Reaction time is measured in

A

MS, milliseconds

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14
Q

What is the primary charge in a resting axon’s fluid interior

A

Primarily negative, but includes large charged negative protein ions and small, positively charged potassium ions

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15
Q

What happens in a neural impulse?

A

A section of axon ions opens their gates, and then the next, etc.

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16
Q

What is depolarization?

A

The difference of loss in inside/outside charges during a neuron firing

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17
Q

What is Excitatory vs Inhibitory?

A

Excitatory is like pushing neurons accelerator, while inhibitory is like pushing the breaks

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18
Q

If ___ signals exceed the ___ signals by threshold, the combined signals will trigger action potential

A

Excitatory; inhibitory

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19
Q

Neurons act like binary, which means

A

They either fire or they don’t, it’s all or nothing

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20
Q

The chemical messengers released when a signal hits an axons end are called

A

Neurotransmitters

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21
Q

Excess neurotransmitters are

A

Drifted away and broken down by enzymes, if they are not, they are reabsorbed in a process called reuptake

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22
Q

What is reuptake

A

The process of excess neurotransmitters being reabsorbed

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23
Q

2 brain pathways that only use 1-2 neurotransmitters

A

Serotonin and dopamine

24
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Enables muscle action, learning, memory. ACh produces neurons deteriorate with Alzheimer’s

25
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences emotion, movement, learning, and attention. Oversupply can lead to schizophrenia, undersupply can lead to Parkinson’s

26
Q

Serotonin

A

Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal, undersupply can lead to depression. Many drugs used to raise serotonin levels treat depression.

27
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Controls alertness and arousal, undersupply can depress mood

28
Q

GABA, or gamma-aminobutyric acid

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter, undersupply is linked to tremors, seizures, and insomnia

29
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory, oversupply can stimulate the brain to seizures and migraines

30
Q

Endorphins

A

Neurotransmitters that influence pain or pleasure, oversupply, often from opiate drugs, can provide euphoria by suppressing the natural endorphin supply

31
Q

Endorphin broken into prefix/root/suffix

A

Endo-produced within morphine. This helps explain the senses emitted from this neurotransmitter

32
Q

Agonist molecules ___ a neurotransmitters actions

A

Increase

33
Q

Antagonists ___ a neurotransmitters action

A

Decrease

34
Q

CNS is the

A

Central nervous system

35
Q

PNS is the

A

Peripheral nervous system

36
Q

The CNS is the

A

Primary decision maker in the body

37
Q

The PNS is the

A

Information gatherer of the body. It transmits to the CNS to make decisions

38
Q

Nerves are

A

The electrical cables in our body, formed from bundles of axons.

39
Q

Nerves bind the CNS with

A

Receptors, muscles, and glands

40
Q

Sensory neurons are

A

Adifferent, meaning they carry messages from the body tissue inward

41
Q

Motor neurons are

A

Efferent, meaning they carry messages outward

42
Q

Interneurons

A

Process information

43
Q

The PNS is broken down into

A

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

44
Q

The somatic nervous system is responsible for

A

Skeletal muscles, such as when your friend taps your shoulder, you turn your head

45
Q

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for

A

The glands and internal organ muscles, such as the heartbeat

46
Q

The autonomic nervous system is broken down into

A

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

47
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Arouses and expends energy, such as accelerating the heartbeat under stress

48
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

The opposite of the sympathetic nervous system, it conserves energy to calm you down

49
Q

Neural ___ are when neurons work together to get more done

A

Neural networks

50
Q

The spinal cord is

A

A two-way informational highway

51
Q

The endocrine system is

A

The glands and hormones of the body

52
Q

Hormones are

A

The chemical messengers of the body, responsible for hunger, aggression, arousal, etc.

53
Q

Norepinephrine as a hormone does what?

A

It is adrenaline, increases heart rate, BP, blood sugar. Overall, provides a surge of energy

54
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

A pea-sized gland in the core of the brain, controlled by adjacent brain areas

55
Q

What is oxytocin?

A

A hormone that enables labor contractions, milk flow for nursing, and orgasms

56
Q

What is a master gland?

A

A gland that controls other glands

57
Q

What is the bodies feedback system

A

Brain > pituitary > other glands > hormones > body and brain

Psychology 105 (20 decks)

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