Module 8

Question 1

What is Dual Processing?

Answer 1

At any moment, we are aware of only a fraction of what is going on in our conscious mind.

Question 2

What is sequential processing?

Answer 2

Conscious processing, slower, for problem solving and focused attention

Question 3

What is parallel processing?

Answer 3

Unconscious processing, faster, takes care of routine business.

Question 4

What is the Circadian Rhythm?

Answer 4

The internal biological clock, follows the 24-hour cycle of day/night

Question 5

What are sleep cycles

Answer 5

The pattern of shifting stages of sleep throughout the night (90 minute cycles)

Question 6

What are the different forms of sleep?

Answer 6

NREM-1 NREM-2 NREM-3, REM.

Question 7

What does REM stand for?

Answer 7

Rapid Eye Movement

Question 8

Why do we sleep?

Answer 8

Ancestors used it to protect them
It helps recuperate and restore brain tissue.
Helps restore and rebuild memories, transferring them from the hippocampus to the cortex
Feeds creative thinking
Supports growth

Question 9

What can a lack of sleep lead to?

Answer 9

Lose brainpower
Be irritable
Get sick
Gain weight
Feel old

Question 10

What is insomnia?

Answer 10

A sleep disorder that causes a persistent inability to fall/stay asleep.

Question 11

What is narcolepsy?

Answer 11

A sleep disorder where people collapse into REM/Paralyzed sleep

Question 12

What is sleep apnea?

Answer 12

A sleep disorder where someone may stop breathing, causing them to wake up. This is disruptive to restorative sleep

Question 13

What are night terrors?

Answer 13

A sleep disorder that causes sudden, scary behavior. This includes a rapid heart rate and breathing. These are not nightmares, they happen during NREM.

Question 14

What is sleepwalking?

Answer 14

A sleep disorder that occurs in NREM 3 sleep, causing someone to walk when sleeping. It runs in families and mostly impacts children

Question 15

What is sleep?

Answer 15

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness

Question 16

How do the biological rhythms influence our daily functioning?

Answer 16

The circadian rhythm, has body temperature rise in the morning, peak during the day, dips shortly in the early afternoon, and then dips down again in the night

Question 17

What is the biological rhythm of the sleeping and dreaming stages?

Answer 17

N1 > N2 > N3 > N2 > REM

Question 18

How do biology and environment interact in our sleep patterns?

Answer 18

Sunlight helps tune the biological clock, and artificial light can cause problems

Question 19

What are sleep’s functions?

Answer 19

Sleep protects, recuperates, restore and rebuilds fading memories, feeds creative thinking, and supports growth

Question 20

How does sleep loss affect us?

Answer 20

Highly impacts mood, can lead to depression, and even suicidal thoughts. Lack of sleep can also lead to weight gain. Sleep deprivation can even lead to “microsleep” where you may unknowingly experience a 2-6 second loss of consciousness, which can be disasterous in many professions.

Question 21

What do we dream and what functions have theorists proposed for dreams?

Answer 21

8/10 dreams evoke at least one negative emotion in most adults. Trauma can impact dreams, musicians experience different dreams, blind people can dream of their other senses, media experiences can greatly impact dreams, such as violence. Theorists have explained dreams to: Satisfy ones wishes, file away memories, develop and preserve neural pathways, make sense of neural static, and reflective cognitive development.

Question 22

What are hypnagogic sensations?

Answer 22

The hallucinations that occur, often in N1 sleep. These may be incorporated into memory

Question 23

What waves are emitted in N3 sleep?

Answer 23

Large, slow delta waves

Question 24

What happens during REM sleep?

Answer 24

Heart rate rises, breathing becomes more rapid and irregular, and the eyes dart around for momentary bursts of activity,

Question 25

What is the order of sleep patterns?

Answer 25

N1 > N2 > N3 > N2 > REM