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PHSL232 > integration > Flashcards

integration Flashcards

1
Q

what are necessary factors in oxidative phosphorylation

A

oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

what is RER

A

respiratory exchange ratio
= VCO2/O2

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3
Q

if RER close to 1 then what fuel source

A

CHO

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4
Q

if RER is close to 0.7 then what is the fuel source

A

fat

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5
Q

glycosis (anerobic) can be converted into pyuvate what two things does this convert into

A

lactic acid
Acetyl CoA

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6
Q

what is the quickest source of ATP

A
  • when we have limited ATP stores
  • ATP = ADP +Pi
  • we must constantly synthesize new ATP from our fuel stores of Creatine phosphate and glycogen
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7
Q

what can recycle ADP/ATP during exercise until used up

A

PCr

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8
Q

what pathway out of aerobic and anerobic has more ATP produced

A

aerobic

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9
Q

what type of muscles fibres fatigue easily

A

type 2b - fast twitch

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10
Q

what type fibres are used for more endurance

A

slow witch
- type 1

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11
Q

what can influence muscle fibres

A

genetics - parents
early sports

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12
Q

other than VO2 max what is the other parameter important to athletes

A

lactate accumlution

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13
Q

what is lactate threshold

A

lactate begins to accumulate above resting concentrations during exercise when intensity increases

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14
Q

what is the main fuel source at low intentisy

A

fat

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15
Q

what is EPOC

A

exercise post oxygen consumption
it takes time after exercise for O2 to reach rest levels

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16
Q

what systems are involved in resotring oxygen levels after exercise (EPOC)

A

restore ATP and PCr to combust the lactate

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17
Q

why does CO increase more in trained (8x more than at rest)

A

HR increases as intensity increases
SV - plateaus

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18
Q

what is the accurate equation to measure HRmax

A

208-(0.7 xage)

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19
Q

what is the relationship for HR at steady state

A

increase rapid then plateu

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20
Q

if one athlete has lower HR than other at steady state

A

then will have better endurance capacity and can extract more oxygen - more mitochondria

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21
Q

sympathetic is major driver during exercise from what location of the heart why does this help

A

SA and AV
- blood is able to pump double the amount to get O2 to muscles quickly

22
Q

exercise elevates HR and what other two areas

A

MABP
respiratory rate

23
Q

how does BP increase with exercise

A

central command acts directly on RVLM and this increases vaso constriction

24
Q

what is vasodilation triggered by to permit flow

A

metabolic (endothelial products

25
Q

what are the 3 main goals of respiratory system during exercise

A
  • O2 partial pressure mantained and O2 supplied to muscles
  • eliminate metabolic and non metabolic CO2
  • assist in buffering of metabolic acids during high intensity
26
Q

what is a metabolic CO2 source

A

oxygen

27
Q

what is a non-metabolic CO2 source

A

lactate

28
Q

why does Ve increase

A

increased Vt and increase in respiratory rate

29
Q

why does Vt increase

A

more muscels engages
expiration becomes active process at exercise

30
Q

how is Ve controlled

A

chemoreceptors and mechanorecptors
- peripheral and central receptors

31
Q

when do max aerobic capacity increase dramatically

A

muscle adaptation influence small changes in VO2 max

32
Q

with exercise what are the muscle adaption

A

increase mitochondria and oxidative enzyme
increase number capillaries
increased myoglobin to 80%

33
Q

after being trained, what makes levels of mitochondria decrease
what does this mean

A

a rest period
mitochondria number is very dynamic

34
Q

put theres adaptationd of the lung with exercise training in order

  1. more capillaries around alveoli
  2. respiratory muscle get stronger
  3. O2 moves into alveoli into RBC into tissue
A

3,2,1

35
Q

what happens to VO2 after training

A

post training increase VO2 substantially

36
Q

who will have a greater anaerobic threshold
trained or untrained

A

trained

37
Q

what effect does anabolic androgenic steroids have

A

increase muscle hypertrophy
hair growth
kidney stimulated erythopintin
etc

38
Q

what effect does cobalt supplementation have

A

stabilises hypoxia
mimics hypoxia - body increase RBCs and haemoglobin
potential carcinogenic effects

39
Q

what effect does EPOC have

A

increase RBCS therefore increase O2 carrying capacity

40
Q

what effect does caffeine have

A

increase fat metabolism endurance

41
Q

what effect does nitrate/beetroot have

A

increase nitrate concentration - increase vasodilation, increase blood flow to muscle and increase flow of oxidative phosperative

42
Q

what effect does creatine have

A

increase skeletal, increase performance in high intensity

43
Q

what effect does blood doping have

A

increase blood RBCs
= monitor haematological values

44
Q

what effect does altitude have

A

increase O2 - produces more EPOC and mitochondria

45
Q

what does running decrease the risk of greater
- mortality or CVD

A

CVD

46
Q

what does hypertrophy LV do

A
  • increase size
  • increase SV and CO
  • increase contractility - more forceful
47
Q

t/f does the LV hypertrophy increase VO2 max

A

true

48
Q

what does the cardiac remodelling consist of

A

stretching the atria

49
Q

atrial fibrillation causes arrhytmogenic how does this work

A

recurrent hemodynamic stress and resultant atrial remodelling

50
Q

what ventricle is ventricluar arrthymia

A

RV

51
Q

what occurs in RV arrthymia in exercise

A

pulmonary artery pressure and RV afterload increase disportionally

RV wall stress increase acute injury

52
Q
A

PHSL232 (6 decks)

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