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baseline test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is activation energy?

A

energy needed to make a reaction take place

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2
Q

what is the active site?

A

place on the enzyme molecule where the substrate fits

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3
Q

what is active transport?

A

movement of substance against a concentration gradient requiring ATP

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4
Q

what is bacteria?

A

A single felled organism with no nucleus

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5
Q

What is a cell?

A

Fundamental building block of living organisms

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6
Q

what is a chromosome?

A

Made up from DNA found in nucleus

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7
Q

what is cytoplasm?

A

Found in all living cells where chemical reactions take place

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8
Q

what does denatured mean?

A

When the shape of the enzyme molecule changes so it is not able to function

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9
Q

what is diffusion?

A

the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration

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10
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction

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11
Q

What is a food chain ?

A

Feeding relationship between different organisms in an ecosystem

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12
Q

What is a gene?

A

A part of DNA that codes for a protein

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13
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintaining an internal environment

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14
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division in which two identical daughter cells are produced

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15
Q

What is the nucleus ?

A

An organelle that contains the genetic material and controls cell activity

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16
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water from a less to a more concentrated solution

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17
Q

What is photosynthesis ?

A

Process carried out by plants in which light energy is used to produce glucose

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18
Q

What is Respiration

A

Process where glucose is broken down to provide energy in all cells

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19
Q

What is a tissue

A

A group of cells that has a similar structure of function

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20
Q

Where in the cell do the chemical reactions take place ?

A

In the cytoplasm

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21
Q

In which process is light and energy used to produce glucose?

A

Photosynthesis

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22
Q

Define the term respiration

A

A process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy in the cell

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23
Q

What is a gene?

A

A part of DNA that codes for a protein

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24
Q

What is the term used to describe the loss of function by enzymes ?

A

Denatured

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25
Q

What is the tissue made up of?

A

A group of cells with similar structure and function (working together)

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26
Q

What is the function of cellulose

A

Gives support and shape to the cell

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27
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

Surrounds cell content

28
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA and controls cell activity

29
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Site of metabolic reactions

30
Q

What is the function of the large permanent vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap and helps provide shape to the cell

31
Q

Is the cellulose cell wall a feature in a plant or animal cell ?

A

Plant

32
Q

Is the cell membrane a feature in a plant or animal cell?

A

Both

33
Q

Is the nucleus a feature in a plant or animal cell?

A

Both

34
Q

Is the cytoplasm a feature in plant or animal cells?

A

Both

35
Q

Is the permanent vacuole a plant or animal cell

A

Plant

36
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Transports and stores lipids

37
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of photosynthesis

38
Q

SMOOTH _________________ RETICULUM

A

Endoplasmic

39
Q

ROUGH ______________ RETICULUM

A

Endoplasmic

(Has ribosomes on the surface)

40
Q

What does the lysosome do?

A

Digestive enzymes to destroy old organelles

41
Q

What are the features of a prokaryote cell?

A
  • flagella
  • nucleoid
  • plasmid
  • slime capsule
  • cell walls
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • ribosomes
  • DNA
42
Q

Major component found in plant cell wall - cellulose

A

Carbohydrates

43
Q

Provides thermal insulation

A

Lipids

44
Q

Can either be found as fats or oils

A

Lipids

45
Q

Needed to build up muscles in animals

A

Proteins

46
Q

Main compound used in respiration

A

Carbohydrates

47
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks

A

Protein

48
Q

Made up of fatty acids and glycerol

A

Lipids

49
Q

Examples include enzymes, hormones and haemoglobin

A

Proteins

50
Q

Includes glucose, sucrose, starch

A

Carbohydrates

51
Q

Denature/ break down at high temperature

A

Proteins

52
Q

What’s a monomer

A

Building block of smaller units of which larger molecules are made (polymers)

53
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together by condensation reactions

54
Q

FOR CARBOHYDRATES GIVE:

Name of monomers

Name of polymers

Functions of the biological molecule

Elements found in this biological molecule

A
  • Glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose
  • cellulose, starch, glycogen
  • source of energy
  • carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
55
Q

FOR LIPIDS GIVE:

Name of monomers

Name of polymers

Functions of the biological molecule

Elements found in this biological molecule

A
  • lipids don’t have monomers
  • n/a
  • source of energy / insulation
  • carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
56
Q

FOR PROTEINS GIVE:

Name of monomers

Name of polymers

Functions of the biological molecule

Elements found in this biological molecule

A
  • amino acids
  • enzymes, haemoglobin, insulin, keratin
  • muscle development, immune system, enzymes
  • carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen
57
Q

FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS GIVE:

Name of monomers

Name of polymers

Functions of the biological molecule

Elements found in this biological molecule

A
  • nucleotides
  • DNA & RNA
  • coding of your traits, genetic information
  • carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen
58
Q

GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE:

Reducing sugar

A
  • Add Benedict’s solution to a food sample and heat in a water bath (85*C)
  • Look for colour change to brick red (precipitate)
    (The closer to brick red, the more reducing sugar)
59
Q

GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE:

IODINE

A
  • add iodine to the food sample (to test for starch)
  • look for colour change of blue/black
60
Q

GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE:

Protein

A
  • add burnet solution to your food sample
  • colour change to lilac/purple
61
Q

GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE:

lipid

A
  • add ethanol and water
  • milky white precipitate (cloudy emulsion)
62
Q

What does A, C , G , T stand for

A
  • adenine
  • cytosine
  • guanine
  • thymine
63
Q

How many letters code for each amino acid?

A

3

64
Q

How many letter codes are there altogether?

A

64

65
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

A

20

66
Q

How many amino acids have more than 1 code?

A

18

Biology (14 decks)

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