Macromolecules

Question 1

protein

Answer 1

amino acids connected by peptide bonds (polypeptides), made up of multiple polypeptides

Question 2

amino acid structure

Answer 2

hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group, R group

Question 2

primary structure

Answer 2

amino acid basic sequence, important for all structures

Question 2

secondary structure

Answer 2

amino acid, segments of polypeptide chain folds into either alpha helixes or beta pleated sheets

Question 3

tertiary structure

Answer 3

amino acid, determines the function, one chain made from coils and sheets

Question 4

quaternary structure

Answer 4

amino acid, two or more chains made of coils/sheets

Question 5

denaturation

Answer 5

disruption of protein folding, causing loss of structure and function

Question 6

enzymes (P)

Answer 6

speed up chemical reaction in bodies by lowering the amount of energy needed for reaction

Question 7

DNA (P)

Answer 7

nucleic acid, contains info for diversity + function, double stranded helix, can be replicated

Question 8

RNA (P)

Answer 8

nucleic acid, single strand, involved in protein synthesis

Question 9

carbohydrates

Answer 9

1:2:1 ratio (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen), fuel and cell structure, made of monomers/monosaccharides

Question 10

glucose (C)

Answer 10

provides fuel, but is turned to glycogen (short term) or fat (long term) for storage

Question 11

cellulose (C)

Answer 11

plant cell walls, fiber, non digestible but helps with digestion

Question 12

lipids

Answer 12

nonpolar, hydrophobic, greasy to the touch

Question 13

triglycerides (L)

Answer 13

glycerol (head) and fatty acid (tail), saturated and unsaturated fats, help with cholesterol and heart

Question 14

sterols (L)

Answer 14

regulating growth/development, cholesterol and steroid hormones (estrogen, testosterone)

Question 15

phospholipids (L)

Answer 15

hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail, component of membrane to keep things in/out