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ap psychology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Conformity

A

The tendency to agree and conform with a group of people to avoid discomfort, despite believing in a different response.

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1
Q

Solomon Asch Line Study

A

Presented subjects with different lengths of lines
- had confederates answer incorrectly to determine if true subject would conform to the will of the group

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2
Q

Chameleon Effect

A

We adjust and change our behavior, posture, and manner of speaking to fit into different situations in our world

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3
Q

Confederate

A

Subjects of the study that have a pre-planned way of behaving in the study

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4
Q

Normative social influence (type of conformity)

A

conforming to trends to avoid rejection or to gain social approval

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4
Q

Informational social influence (type of conformity)

A

an individual does what others do because you think other people have more information than you

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4
Q

Zimbardo Prison Study

A

a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants’ reactions and behaviors

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5
Q

Learned Helplessness (Martin Seligman)

A

when a person is unable to find resolutions to difficult situations

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6
Q

Cognitive Dissonance (Leon Festinger)

A

When someone is forced to do (publicly) something they (privately) really don’t want to do.

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7
Q

Obedience to authority (Stanley Milgram)

A

Shock chair experiment found that 60% of of men aged 20-50 complied with commands from administrators even though the commands brought harm to other participants.

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8
Q

Conformity

A

compliance with standards, rules, or laws

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9
Q

Obedience

A

compliance with an order, request, or law or submission to another’s authority

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10
Q

Social Facilitation

A

Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of other.

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11
Q

Groupthink

A

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in decision-making overrides realistic alternatives

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11
Q

Social Striving

A

Work hard as a member of a team than alone

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11
Q

Social Inhibition/Imparement

A

Lowering a performance on a given task in the presence of others,usually a task that has not been well practiced

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11
Q

Social Loafing

A

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their effort toward training a common goal than when individually accountable

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11
Q

Deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations

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12
Q

Group polarization

A

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing attitudes through discussion between the groups. The group moves to a more extreme position

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12
Q

Bystander effect

A

the lack of help to others in emergency situations because they think others are present and will presumably be the ones to help

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13
Q

Attribution theory

A

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s reoccurent behaviors

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14
Q

Altruism

A

an unselfish concern for another’s welfare

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15
Q

Central route to persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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16
Q

Collectivism

A

giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

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17
Q

Compassionate love

A

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

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18
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

When we are in large groups we are less likely to help people in need than when we are alone

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19
Q

discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

20
Q

dispositional/internal attribution

A

The belief that one’s behavior is due to long-lasting personality traits rather than the current environment

21
Q

Door in the face

A

the tendency for people who agree to a small request to comply with a larger one

22
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the thought that one’s own culture is the center of the world and somehow superior to others

23
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency for observers when analyzing another’s behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

24
Q

Foot in the door technique

A

the tendency for people who agree to a small request to comply with a larger one

25
Q

Halo effect

A

the assumption that an individual with one positive characteristic will have other positive characteristics.

26
Q

individualism

A

Individualists give relatively greater priority to personal goals and define their identity mostly in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

27
Q

ingroup bias

A

the tendency to favor our own group

28
Q

Just world phenomenon

A

People get what they deserve and deserve what they get (good karma bad karma)

29
Q

compliance

A

when an individual changes his or her behavior in response to an explicit or implicit request made by another person

30
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

the more one is exposed to something, the more they will like it

31
Q

prejudice

A

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

32
Q

Peripheral route to persuasion

A

Individuals who need to make a decision take into account random and unimportant factors in order to arrive at a decision (celebrity model)

33
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

when people do nice things for you. You feel like you owe them something in return

34
Q

norm

A

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior; norms prescribe “proper” behavior

35
Q

stereotype threat

A

the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual’s racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural group

36
Q

social identity theory

A

a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership (alt kid)

37
Q

groupthink

A

mode of thinking that occurs when desire for harmony in decision making overrides realistic alternatives

38
Q

scapegoat theory

A

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

39
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

process through which an originally false expectations leads to its own confirmation

40
Q

Aggression

A

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

41
Q

Self-serving bias

A

People are more likely to take credit for their success and blame others for their failures

42
Q

Situational/External attribution

A

A belief that an individual’s behavior is based on events in the environment rather than long-lasting personality characteristics

43
Q

social psychology

A

branch of psychology that deals with social interacts, their origins, and their effects.

44
Q

stereotype

A

a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

45
Q

social dilemma

A

a situation in which all individuals would be better off cooperating but fail to do so because of conflicting interests between individuals that discourage joint actions

46
Q

contact theory

A

the idea that stereotypes and prejudice towards a group will diminish as contact with the group increases

47
Q

subordinate goals

A

shared goals that override differences among people and necessitate cooperation (beer add)

48
Q

Implicit associations

A

Implicit prejudice is made by an individual’s unconscious state of mind

49
Q

low ball effect

A

secure an agreement to purchase an item and then hidden costs are added to the item

50
Q

Framing effect

A

how a question or request is phrased impacts the result of the receiver

51
Q

sleeper effect

A

when a desired resource is limited it creates a sense of urgency and desire to acquire what others cannot

52
Q

social exchange theory

A

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize the benefits and minimize costs to ourselves.

53
Q

self-effacing bias

A

when we attribute credit to people or events other than oneself when explaining success. More likely to occur in collectivist cultures. “It had nothing to do with me, it was my team”

54
Q

false consensus effect

A

the tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people will agree with you, think like you, and behave like you.

55
Q

actor-observer effect

A

the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes.

56
Q

confirmation biased

A
57
Q

hindsight bias

A

the tendency people have to assume that they know the outcome of an event after the outcome has already been determined

58
Q

racism

A

ap psychology (9 decks)

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