Unit 8: Clinical Psychology

Question 1

Psychological Disorder

Answer 1

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior.

Question 2

DSM 5

Answer 2

The American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a wiedly used system for classifying psychological disorders

Question 3

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 3

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Question 4

Medical model

Answer 4

the concept that disease, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most castes, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Question 5

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 5

Today’s psychology studies how biological psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to produce specific psychological disorders

Question 6

Anxiety disorders

Answer 6

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Question 7

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 8

Panic disorder

Answer 8

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest bain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack

Question 9

Phobias

Answer 9

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or stituation

Question 10

Agoraphobia

Answer 10

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

Question 11

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 11

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such

Question 12

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 12

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

Question 13

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 13

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four week or more after a traumatic experience

Question 14

Mood disorders

Answer 14

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder

Question 15

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 15

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptomes, at least one of which must either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Question 16

Mania

Answer 16

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Question 17

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 17

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Question 18

Schizophrenia

Answer 18

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression

Question 19

Psychosis

Answer 19

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

Question 20

Delusions

Answer 20

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorder

Question 21

Hallucinations

Answer 21

false sensory experience, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 22

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 22

a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Question 23

Conversion Disorder

Answer 23

a disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found

Question 24

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Answer 24

a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

Question 25

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 25

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 26

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 26

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

Question 27

Personality Disorders

Answer 27

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 28

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 28

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscious for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Question 29

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 29

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight

Question 30

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 30

An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), excessive exercise, or fasting

Question 31

Binge Eating Disorder

Answer 31

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa