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case studies conservation Flashcards

1
Q

Human activities in the Galapagos Islands?

A

-whaling trade
-chopping forests for fires to render down whale fat
-removing live giant tortoises
-shark fin market
-intro of non-native plants/animals by tourists (e.g. goats)

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2
Q

Effect on plant populations in Galapgos Islands?

A

-25% plant species endangered
-building/agriculture has caused habitat fragmentation
-Scalesia trees and shrubs almost eradicated
-depletion of sea cucumber impacts underwater ecology

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3
Q

Control measures in Galapagos Islands?

A

-park rangers
-limiting human access to specific islands
-controlling migration
-strict controls over movement of introduced animals
-captive breeding programmes to supplement tortoise numbers

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4
Q

Effect on animal populations in Snowdonia?

A

-rhododendron leaves poisonous to most mammals/invertebrates
-deforestation reduces food sources/habitats
-rhododendron infestation makes suitable habitats unsuitable for grazing animals

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5
Q

Effect on animal populations in Galapagos Islands?

A

-whaling trade reduces whale population
-giant tortoise population outcompeted by goats
-50% of vertebrate species endangered
-introduced non-native species eat native species

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6
Q

Human activies in Snowdonia?

A

-attracts millions of visitors each year - walk along same footpaths
-rhododendrons introduced as horticultural plant but spread to become invasive
-conifers planted as cash crops

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7
Q

Plant pathogen hosted by rhododendron?

A

P. ramorum
-causes disease with withered shoot tips/black leaves

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8
Q

Control measures in Snowdonia?

A

-drains dug by paths to prevent flooding
-fell infected trees before they become sources of spores
-cutting down/burning rhododendron
-stem herbicide injection to control scattered bushes

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9
Q

Power station in Snowdonia?

A

Pumped-storage hydroelectric power station hidden deep inside mountain

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10
Q

Where does captive breeding occur on Galapagos Islands?

A

Charles Darwin Research Station

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11
Q

When was the Galapagos National Park estbalished?

A

1959

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12
Q

How much of the Galapagos Islands have been designated ‘No-Take’ zones?

A

36%

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13
Q

Effect on plant populations in Snowdonia?

A

-as paths become harder to walk on, people trample sensitive vegetation to avoid floods on paths
-rhododendrons grow to 3m and have dense leaves - dark ground so few plants survive
-rhododendron leaves decompose and host a plant pathogen causing a disease

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14
Q

Human activities in Antarctica?

A

-attracts many visitors
-dumping sewage in sea
-leaving rubbish
-shipping accidents/oil spills
-fishing boats gather where there’s lots of krill
-whale/seal hunting

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15
Q

What is krill used for?

A

Making nutrional supplements/animal feed

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16
Q

Effect on animal populations in Antarctica?

A

-hunting/whaling/fishing reduces wildlife populations
-oil spills effect wildlife
-predators of krill can’t adapt to find krill elsewhere = less food sources
-birds swallow long-line fishing hooks

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17
Q

How has global warming impacted Antarctica?

A

Loss of sea ice affected breeding of Adelie penguins

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18
Q

How do oil spills affect wildlife?

A

-toxic effects of inhaling vapours can be fatal
-coat fur/feathers = hypothermia and loss of buoyancy

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19
Q

Effect of plant populations in Antarctica?

A

-oil spills drain O2 from sea and kills plants
-soi contamination around research stations kills wildlife
-visitors are sources of alien plant species, warming islands
-certain lichens and mosses expanded into parts previously too cold

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20
Q

Control measures in Antarctica?

A

-all waste taken away by ship for disposal in other countries
-ships with thick oil fuel banned from Antarctic waters (prevents oil spills)
-tourists only allowed on certain land at certain times
-whaling/hunting banned
-trigger level cath size for Krill

21
Q

Antarctic Treaty?

A

1961
-protects unique nature of Antarctica

22
Q

Human activities in Lake District?

A

-attracts 16 million visitors per year
-footpath erosion due to continuous walking
-walking, climbing, cycling

23
Q

Effect on animal populations in Lake District?

A

-debris from eroded paths enters watercourses - death of fish/invertebrates
-trout and salmon threatened by pollution of spawning grounds

24
Q

Effect on plant populations in Lake District?

A

-erosion of footpaths/loss of soil can disturb pH in lakes
-pressure of trampling compacts soil so water doesn’t infiltrate - water runs off surface removing soil which kills plants
-rhododendrons and laurel (invasive) reduce light reaching floor and their roots produce toxic chemicals

25
Q

Control measures in Lake District?

A

-Lake District National Park Authority conerves region
-replanting native tree species
-repairing footpaths
-invasive species removed by conservation workers
-educate wakers about sticking to paths

26
Q

Where is the Terai region?

A

-southern Nepal
-northern India

27
Q

Large mammal species in Terai region?

A

-bengal tiger
-greater one horned rhino
-asian elephant

28
Q

Bengal tiger?

A

Panthera tigris
-endangered subspecies

29
Q

Greater one horned rhino?

A

Rhinoceros unicornis
-vulnerable

30
Q

Asian elephant?

A

Elephas maximus
-endangered

31
Q

Why has there been a dramatic rise in population since the 1950s?

A

-launch of malaria eradication and land resettlement projects in mid 1950s
-increase in Hill migrants

32
Q

How does human-wildlife conflict effect people in Terai?

A

-crop raiding at night by wild animals destroys crops
-humans attacked by tigers/leopards

33
Q

How does human-wildlife conflict effect animals in Terai?

A

-habitation in corridors (vehicular traffic) alters ability of elephants to cross
-poisoning/poaching of animals (tigers and elephants)

34
Q

Issues conserving tigers?

A

-tigers need large territories
-poaching is largest immediate threat
-habitat degradation/dwindling prey major threats to tigers

35
Q

WWF Terai Arc landscape?

A

-area within Terai in Nepal composed of 14 Indian and Nepalese protected ecosystems
-highest densities of Bengal tigers in world

36
Q

How much land do majority of households own in WWF Terai Arc landscape?

A

60% of households own less than 1 hectare

37
Q

Parties involved in Terai Arc Landscape scheme?

A

-WWF Nepal Program
-Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation
-local volunteers

38
Q

How has WWF Terai Arc Landscape scheme reduced exploitation of forest?

A

-helped local communities reduced impact of forest dependence
-provides alternative energy soures (solar cookers, fuel efficient stoves)

39
Q

Where is the Maasai Mara?

A

-southern Kenya
-covers 373,000 acres

40
Q

MMNR?

A

Maasai Mara National Reserve

41
Q

Ecology of MMNR?

A

-home to 25% Kenya’s wildlife
-95 mammal species
-Important Bird Area (550 species)

42
Q

Who manages MMNR?

A

-Narok County Council
-Transmara County Council

43
Q

What is MMNR land used for?

A

-grazing - area for livestock
-cultivation
-tourism

44
Q

Tourism in MMNR?

A

-provided livelihoods for people living in area
-tourist industry centres around wildlife viewing

45
Q

Human-elephant conflict in MMNR?

A

-poachers hunt African elephant tusks
-elephants take maize from local’s farms and locals will shoot arrows at them

46
Q

Solutions to human-elephant conflict in MMNR?

A

-mix of chili powder and firecracker to throw at elephants
-rangers guard elephants and check on them

47
Q

Human-lion conflict in MMNR?

A

-lions frequently in contact with livestock of locals
-LRF supported Kenya Wildlife Trust tackles conflict through development of community ambassadors

48
Q

What do community ambassadors do for human-lion conflict in MMNR?

A

-respond to conflict incidences
-warn communities of approaching lions
-raise awareness

biology (28 decks)

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