Lecture 03

Question 1

4 hypothesis for compartmentalization

Answer 1

1)form sheet on H2O, water agitated& droplet, vesicle

2)coacervate积累 by the exclusion of water molecule from associated colloidal胶体的 particles

3)heat and cool 1g polymer

those have active DNA& RNA will steal membrane from inert cell

Question 2

name of the experiment for hypothesis 2

Answer 2

Oparin’s experiment

Question 3

Oparin’s experiment

Answer 3

1)
material: arabic gum, histone, phosphorylase, glucose-1-phosphate

result: phosphorylate enzyme polymerize phophorylated glucose into starch

2)
material: arabic gum, histone, phosphorylase, glucose-1-phosphate, beta amlyase

result: phosphorylate enzyme polymerize phophorylated glucose into starch, hydrolysis into maltose by beta amlyase

Question 4

advantage of compartmentalization

Answer 4

maintain their internal environment in the face of a different external environment

Question 5

3 condition for natural selection

Answer 5

intrinsic increase in the number of individual within a species

competiion

survival of the few

Question 6

word for “life based in cells with an inheritance system that could pass their properties to future generations”

Answer 6

transition in individuality

Question 7

eg. for transition in individuallity

Answer 7

1)RNA& DNA& protein cooperate
2)unicellar organism cooperate
3)multicellular organism cooperate
4)gene cooperate form genome

Question 8

primary&secondary earth atm

Answer 8

primary: He/ H
secondary: H2O, CO2

Question 9

significance for CH4

Answer 9

evidence for existence of prokaryote life(methanogen)>3.5bya

clue for metabolic pathway

Question 10

name for fossil record that prokaryote 3.5-3.8bya

Answer 10

stromatolites

Question 11

time(diversified into eukaryotic cell)

Answer 11

2.5-2.8bya

Question 12

O2 accumulate in atm beginning when & why

Answer 12

2.3 bya

b/c first react w/ Fe

Question 13

pigment& reactant of photosynthesis

Answer 13

pigment: bacteriochlorophyll

early: based on S& anoxygenic

Question 14

consequence of O2 production

Answer 14

new type of metabolism
change ocean chemistry to S&N
formation of O3
anaerobic organism to refuge
organism had to evolve mechanism to detoxify noxious by-produce of O2 such as superoxide, hydrogene peroxide

Question 15

3 requirement of living organism

Answer 15

liquid H2O, energy, element

Question 16

4 limitation for rate of take in energy

Answer 16

external: shortage& food quality

internal: digestion& enzyme catalysis

Question 17

3 general principle about energy

Answer 17

intake limited
organism need to maximize rate of energy take
trade-off

Question 18

organism require # element

Answer 18

28

Question 19

word for use light energy, organic chemical energy, inorganic chemical energy

Answer 19

light energy-phototroph
organic-chemoorganotroph
inorganic-chemolithotroph

Question 20

effect of Se deficiency

Answer 20

human: Keshan disease
diatom: lipid damage& death

Question 21

origin of metabolism

Answer 21

precursor cell use A as E source

A deplete cells evolve an enzyme to convert B into A thrive

natural selection favor progenote that used diverse substrate