gender development Flashcards
gender identity:
one’s private sense of male or femaleness
morphological sex:
what things look like - internally and externally. (usually coincides with genetic sex)
gender roles:
cultural expectations about ways in which men and women ‘SHOULD’ behave
gender stereotypes:
beliefs about differences in the behaviours, abilities and personality traits of males and females
development of gender at 18months, 3 years, 5 years…
18months: gender typed preferences
3: knowledge of own gender, ability to assign gender is limited
5: knowledge of gender constancy
testosterone & spatial ability?
males with less testosterone levels are shown to be worse at spatial tasks - opposite for females.
what is cognitive adrenal hyperlasia (disease)
when adrenal glands produce too much testosterone - more problem in females, more confusing genetalia
what do evolutionary theories say about gender development?
that men and women have evolved to behave differently, depending on their roles in society
Bruce Reimer
born as a male but raised as a girl - was not happy this way
biggest differences in gender are to do with…
the environment
environmental explanations:
montemayor, Morrongiello & smith/lloyd
Morrongiello study
examined mothers/fathers communication to children during playground play
parents communicate with boys that promote increase risk taking. greater perceived vulnerability among girls
Smith & Lloyd
parents behaved differently according to assigned gender - treating children according to their gender label
Montemayor study
Children’s performance was highest when the game was labeled as gender-appropriate and lowest when the game was labeled as gender inappropriate.
