language part 2

Question 1

children have…

Answer 1

highly developed pattern recognition systems which allows children to form language categories through picking up on regularities without resorting to innate language categories.

The idea is that children are able to pull out syntactic categories… depending on if the language environment is rich enough

Question 2

Tony Mince

Answer 2

Children can extract information without having any preexisting language knowledge

Question 3

Social Learning (environment)

Answer 3

Parentese: simplified speech/ innotation
social responding to infants language attempts
child vocab is associated with amount of language parents use with them

Question 4

Feedback to children varies between cultures…

Answer 4

Independent Cultures: self concept is separate from group/ personal goals take priority over group goals

Interdependent Cultures: relationships are crucial/ group goals are priority

Question 5

how do you re-present the world to oneself?

Answer 5

1. Analogical Representation (mental image)
2. Symbolic representation (propositional thoughts)

Question 6

Analogical mental Representations

Answer 6

‘R’ rotated - more it was rotated the longer it took to say if it was a mirror image or not

Question 7

Symbolic Representations

Answer 7

more flexible = more powerful

done through propositions

Question 8

Why is Categorisation Useful?

Answer 8

it allows us to know what to expect each time you en counter a member of a category = organisational system

Question 9

how is information in mental representations organised?

Answer 9

from evidence form semantic priming studies
butter: bread, ball, xxx

Question 10

Reasoning is

Answer 10

understanding the implications of our beliefs, something we do inherently

• intelligent thought
• problem solving/ decision making

Question 11

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 11

(1 form of formal reasoning)

we start with a belief and figure out the implications of that belief… moving from general principles to specific instances

validity of conclusions follows from the premises

Question 12

example of a syllogism

Answer 12

all animals have 4 legs (a premise).
Fluffy is an animal (premise) - therefore fluffy has 4legs (conclusion)

conclusion is drawn from a premise/s

Question 13

inductive reasoning

Answer 13

• testing a hypothesis from data/ theories
• start with specifics and infer general principles

Question 14

what influences out ability to reason deductively?

Answer 14

• conformation bias
• belief bias
• content of what we are reasoning about

Question 15

belief bias

Answer 15

People judge whether the conclusion is plausible on its own, rather than following the logical rules.

Question 16

why does the content of what we are reasoning about matter?

Answer 16

informal reasoning - heuristics/ drawing judgements form experience