13b Aggression

Question 1

Differentiate between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression.

Answer 1

Answer: Hostile aggression is driven by anger with the intent to cause harm, while instrumental aggression is goal-directed behavior where harm is a means to achieve a non-aggressive objective.

Question 2

What is assertive behavior in sports, and how does it differ from aggression?

Answer 2

Answer: Assertive behavior involves forceful yet legitimate actions within the rules of the game, without intent to harm, differing from aggression which involves intent to harm.​

Question 3

Describe the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Answer 3

Answer: This hypothesis suggests that frustration from blocked goals increases the likelihood of aggressive behavior.​

Question 4

Name two strategies that individuals can use to manage aggression in sports.

Answer 4

Answer: Techniques such as relaxation methods (e.g., deep breathing) and cognitive restructuring (e.g., positive self-talk) can help manage aggression.​

Question 5

How can organizations contribute to controlling aggression in sports?

Answer 5

Answer: Implementing strict penalties for aggressive acts and promoting fair play can help control aggression.​

Question 6

According to social learning theory, how is aggression learned in sports?

Answer 6

Answer: Aggression is learned through observing and imitating others, especially role models, and through reinforcement of aggressive behaviors.​

Question 7

theories for aggression

Answer 7

instinct- Trait theory –> born with innate aggression characteristics

cue arousal –> cues e.g particular ref may cause immediate aggression/ decision against you.

social learning–> obseving others/ role models or pos feedback