14/06 Flashcards
(214 cards)
anterior MI
v1-v4
left anterior descening
lateral MI
V5-V6, I
left circumflex
inferior MI
II,III and AVF
right coronary artery
mx of ACS
Morphine - if pt in pain
Oxygen - if pt hypoxic
Nitrates - caution in hyPOtension
Aspirin 300mg
when should be PCI be offered in STEMI
presentation within 12 hrs of symptom onset + can be delivered within 120 mins
PCI
drug eluting stents through radial access
what to do after fibrinolysis
repeat ECG within 60-90 mins and PCI if still changes
what is used to stratify risk post MI
kilip class
termination of supraventricular tachys
adenosine (avoid in asthma)
epsilon wave
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
S2A2DCHAVS
S2 - prior stroke, TIA or thromboembolism
A2 - age >=75
D - diabetes
C - congestive HF
H - hypertension or treated hypertension
A - age 65-74
V - vascular disease
S - sex female
MI cardiac enzymes
myoglobin is first to rise
CK-MB useful to look for re-infarction
chronic heart failure diagnosis
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT‑proBNP)
high levels - specialist assessment ECHO 2 weeks
raised levels - specialist assessment ECHO 6 weeks
chronic heart failure first line
ACEi and BB
chronic heart failure second line
aldosterone antagonist and SGLT2 inhibitor
chronic heart failure third line
ivabradine
sacubitril-valsartan
digoxin
hydralazine + nitrate
cardiac resync therapy
coarctation of the aorta features
HTN
radio-femoral delay
mid-systolic murmur maximal over the back
apical click from the aortic valve
notching of the inf border of the ribs
acute heart failure mx
IV loop diuretics
oxygen
nitrates if heart disease
cpap if resp failure
acute heart failure hypotension
ionotropic agents eg dobutamine
vasopressor agents eg norepinephrine
mechanical circulatory assistance
left heart failure
pulmonary oedema
dyspnoea
orthopnoea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
bibasal fine crackles
right heart failure
peripheral oedema
ankle/sacral oedema
raised jugular venous pressure
hepatomegaly
weight gain due to fluid retention
anorexia (‘cardiac cachexia’)
when is s3 normal
pts less than 30 (sometimes women up to 50)
path s3
left ventricular failure (e.g. dilated cardiomyopathy) constrictive pericarditis (called a pericardial knock)
mitral regurgitation
s4
aortic stenosis
HOCM
hypertension