1.4 Flashcards

Question

Centralised DIS

Answer 1

- Not effective at meeting local customer needs - Not goods if firm has large geographical area - More workload on senior managers

Answer 2

- Effective at meeting local needs - Good if firm has large geographical area and local trends need to be met - Effective at reducing workload of senior managers - Job enrichment and flexible working

Answer 3

Tall structure- many levels in the chain of command and a narrow span of control > Tall structures more centralised Flat structure- few levels in chain of command but wide span of control for managers > Mpre decentralised approach Matrix structure- workers are organised by projects and functions and teams are formed to carry out a specific project

Answer 4

- Provides a clear hierarchy of authority and defined roles and responsibilities - Promotes specialisation and expertise within each department or function - Offers opportunities for career advancement and promotion within the organisation - All of the above increases efficiency and motivation

Answer 5

- Slow decision making as information must pass through multiple layers of management - Communication takes longer - Expensive due to many managers - This can lead to bureaucracy and excessive levels of management - All of the above reduce efficiency and motivation

Answer 6

- Increased communication - Decision-making can be faster and more efficient - Encourages creativity and innovation as employees have more autonomy and flexibility - All of the above increases efficiency and motivation

Answer 7

-May not provide clear opportunities for career advancement or promotion -This may require employees to take on multiple roles and responsibilities, leading to burnout - Managers may lose control -All of the above reduce efficiency and motivation

Answer 8

- Flexible - Allows for specialisation and expertise within each functional area - Enables efficient allocation of resources and coordination of multiple projects - All of the above increases efficiency and motivation

Answer 9

- This can create confusion over roles and responsibilities, particularly when multiple managers are involved - Requires a high degree of communication and coordination, which can be challenging - All of the above reduce efficiency and motivation

Answer 10

Motivation refers to the willingness to work and achieve a given target/goal

Answer 11

The impact of motivation on productivity Motivated employees= more productive and efficien= generate higher levels of output and quality. Increased productivity= higher profits for the business The impact of motivation on the reliability of workers Motivated employees are more likely to be reliable and dependable= show up on time, meet deadlines, and take fewer sick days= increased trust =higher productivity The impact of motivation on turnover rates -Motivated employees are more likely to stay with the company long-term, which reduces the turnover rate, lower turnover rates reduce the need for costly recruitment and training

Answer 12

- Believed workers are motivated by money - Advocated for piece-rate pay (pay per unit produced). - Focused on efficiency, specialisation and improved competitiveness ADV of taylor - Increased efficiency, which lowers costs - Specialisation of labour leads to greater efficiency and productivity DIS of taylor - Overemphasis on efficiency reduces worker satisfaction and creativity - Ignores human/social needs= demotivating

Answer 13

- Motivation increases if social needs are met and increased efficiency through teams = focus on needs of employees How businesses uses mayos approach -Empowering employees in decision-making, e.g, creating teams which decide their priorities -Team-building activities are used to build relationships -Providing feedback and recognition to employees, e.g. Worker of the Week -Creating a positive work environment by promoting open communication and providing support to employees, e.g. offering wellness programmes -Encouraging employee development by offering training programmes, mentorship opportunities, and career advancement paths

Answer 14

ADV of mayo Improved job satisfaction Increased productivity as workers feel valued and supported Better communication as workers value open and honest communication, which reduces misunderstandings Employee empowerment increases worker's sense of ownership and responsibility DIS of mayo -Time-consuming as building positive relationships requires time and effort -Lack of control as workers take more decisions

Answer 15

- Self-actualisation – personal growth, creativity - Self esteem - confidence, achievement - Love and belonging ( sense of connection, love) - Safety and security- health,family,employment - Psychological needs- food,clothes,water > Motivate workers by satisfying these needs, cannot move up unless first needs/level are met

Answer 16

ADV of maslow - Higher employee satisfaction: By meeting the needs of employees, businesses can create a more satisfying work environment, which can lead to increased productivity and lower turnover rates -Increased motivation - Improved employee performance: Employees who feel valued and supported by their employers are more likely to perform at a higher level Disadvantages of maslow - Expensive: Meeting many individual needs can be costly, especially when offering perks such as the use of a company car - Time-consuming: Requires significant effort from management to connect individually to understand which opportunities for personal growth are desired

Answer 17

Herzbrgs 2 factor theory Herzberg's theory suggests that there are two types of factors that affect employee motivation -Hygiene factors are elements that do not necessarily lead to job satisfaction, but their absence can cause dissatisfaction, which decreases motivation - Motivators are elements that lead to job satisfaction and motivation

Answer 18

Factors influenced by hygiene factors - Working conditions - Pay - Job security - Coworker relations Factors infleunced by motivators - Recognition - Responsibility - Achievement - Personal growth

Answer 19

- piecework/piece rate pay- Employees are paid according to the number of units they produce > links to taylor ADV- encourages high output DIS- can reduce quality and can cause stress -commission- A percentage of sales revenue paid to workers who sell products or services > Hygiene factor in Hertzberg's Theory and Connects to Esteem Needs in Maslow's Hierarchy ADV- motivates staff to sell more and increase their sales revenue DIS- takes away focus from other areas eg customer service -bonus- Extra payment for good performance > Connects to Esteem Needs in Maslow's Hierarchy (achievement) -profit share - Employees receive a % of profits > Motivator in Herzberg's Theory Encourages team focus on success, but depends on profits -performance-related pay- Staff are paid based on their performance > Hygiene Factor in Herzberg's theory - ADV- motivates staff to work harder and achieve better results - DIS- can demotivate if targets are unrealistic

Answer 20

Delegation-It involves transferring responsibility from a manager to their staff Gives employees a sense of ownership and control over their work, which can lead to improved productivity -Consultation-It involves seeking the input of staff on decisions that affect their work This inclusion can increase staff engagement and commitment, leading to improved productivity -Involves giving staff the authority and resources to make decisions and take action without first receiving management approval Increases staff sense of ownership and responsibility, leading to improved productivity - Team working -Involves creating opportunities for staff to work collaboratively Staff can share ideas and expertise, leading to improved productivity and innovation- -flexible working- Involves providing staff with the option to work remotely or to adjust their hours to suit their lifestyle Can increase staff satisfaction and work-life balance, leading to improved productivity and reduced turnover -Job enrichment- Involves adding more challenging or meaningful tasks to a job Staff feel more motivated and engaged, leading to improved productivity Job rotation-Involves moving staff between different roles in the business Exposes staff to new challenges and experiences, which can increase motivation, understanding and skill -job enlargement Involves expanding staff's job duties to include additional tasks or responsibilities Engaging with a variety of tasks can increase motivation and job satisfaction, leading to improved productivity

Answer 21

-Leadership is about having a vision, sharing that vision with others and providing direction -Management is the day-to-day organisation of the business, its resources and its Also check table to see characteristics change

Answer 22

Autocratic- Leader makes all decisions with little or no input from others ADV of autocratic - Focuses on getting tasks done - High control= suitable for unskilled work - Fast decision making = benficical in time of crisis DIS of autocratic - Low levels of motivation - No input or creativity from employees

Answer 23

Paternalistic- managerial approach where a leader acts as a parental figure to create a workspace where co-workers view eachother as family ADV of paternalistic - Attention to employee welfare - Employees fell like theyre looked after - Builds trust DIS of paternalistic - Employees have no power to make decisions - Staff may feel undervalued if ignored = low level of motivation

Answer 24

Democratic- leader involves their team in decision making process ADV of democratic - Develops team spirit - Collects ideas and opinions from workforce - Increases motivation as people feel connected - High motivation and engagement DIS of democratic - Decision making can take long - Employees may not see long run effects and vote for decision that benefits them

Answer 25

Lassiez-faire- leader takes hand off approach and allows their time to manage their own work ADV of lassiez faire - Encourages creativity and innovation - Works well with highly skilled staff - Employees make their own decision DIS of lassiez faire - Lack of direction can cause confusion - Lack of control - deadlines and targets not met - Tasks may not coordinate well

1.4 Flashcards

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