1.4

Question 1

Give four examples of what an epithet could describe about a god

Answer 1

Origin
Their function
Their associated rituals practices
Genealogy

Question 2

Give two examples of gods of multiple epithets

Answer 2

Zeus
Apollo

Question 3

Name five epithets for Zeus

Answer 3

Ombrios (of rain)
Herkeios (protector of the fence/family)
Ktesios (of possessions)
Poleuis (protector of the city)
Xenios (protector of guests)
Olympios (of Olympia)
Agoraios (of the marketplace)
Phratios (of the phratry)

Question 4

Give six epithets of Apollo?
From which sauce?
Date?

Answer 4

Pythios, Lukeios, delphinios, apotropaios, pagion, nymphegetes
Calendar of erchia
4th cent BC

Question 5

What is the unitarian view
Give scholar + date

Answer 5

Different epithets = same God for purposes of worship and prayer
Sourvinou-Inwood 1997

Question 6

Give three pieces of evidence of the unitarian view and what S argues

Answer 6

Panathenaic inscription, Athens, 4th cent - sacrifices for Athena, Athena Hygeia, Athena polias, Athena Nike, S argues these eptithets distinguished different cults of same God

Histories 1.44 - Herodotus explains that King Croesus called upon same god when refering to Zeus purifier, Zeus protector of the hearth and zeus protector of Friends

Inscription from Kos, 1st cent BC - identifies two epithes of Herakles as the same God

Question 7

What is the separative view
Name a scholar argues this + date

Answer 7

Different epithets = different gods
Mikalson 1983

Question 8

Give three pieces of evidence for these separative view

Answer 8

Xenophon Symposium 8.9 - writes that Socrates decided that two epithets of Aphrodite were different goddesses because worshiped in different ways in different places

Xenophon, Anabasis - explain how he had been honored by one Zeus (basileus) and later persecuted by another (meilichios) suggesting different gods

Callimachus, Iambos 10 (3rd cent) - makes clear reference to existence of many aphrodites, “all the aphrodites - for the goddess is not one”

Question 9

What is the combinative view
Give a scholar who argues this + date
What specifically does he argue

Answer 9

Both views are correct and meaning of effort that’s varied according to circumstance
Versnel 2011
Greeks accepted zeus with one epithet was the same as Zeus with another, cultic worship encouraged Greeks to think separatively, Greeks would have shifted their perspective according to context