1.4 Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

Question 1

carboxylic acid

Answer 1

contain both a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group on a terminal carbon

Question 2

what is the highest-priority (most oxidized) functional group test on the MCAT?

Answer 2

carboxylic acids

note: ONLY CO2 (bonded to 4 O’s) has a more oxidized carbon

Question 3

carboxylic acid suffix

Answer 3

-oic acid

Question 4

methanoic acid common name + structure

Answer 4

formic acid

Question 5

ethanoic acid common name + structure

Answer 5

acetic acid

Question 6

propanoic acid common name + structure

Answer 6

propionic acid

Question 7

carboxylic acid derivatives (3)

Answer 7

esters, amides, anhydrides

Question 8

esters

Answer 8

the -OH group of a carboxylic acid is replaced with an alkoxy group (-OR); R is a hydrocarbon chain

Question 9

ester nomenclature

Answer 9

the first term is the alkyl name of the added R group

the second term is the name of the (original) parent chain with -oate replacing -oic acid

Question 10

amides

Answer 10

the -OH of a carboxylic acid is replaced by an amino group (any Nitrogen containing group)

Question 11

amide suffix

Answer 11

-amide

Question 12

amide nomenclature

Answer 12

substituents attached to the nitrogen atom are prefixes labelled with N- (not numbered)

Question 13

anhydrides

Answer 13

form from 2 carboxylic acid molecules

1 water molecule is removed

many are cyclic

Question 14

anhydride nomenclature

Answer 14

-oic anhydride

if formed from 2 of the same carboxylic acids: the “acid” is replaced with “anhydride”

if formed from 2 different carboxylic acids: both carboxylic acids are named (without “acid”) and anhydride is added to the end

Question 15

list the 10 functional groups in order of decreasing priority:

Answer 15

carboxylic acid, anhydride, ester, amide, aldehyde

ketone, alcohol, alkene, alkyne, alkane

Question 16

alkoxy group

Answer 16