1.4 - Cell Division Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of cell division?
To reproduce and grow organisms
Cell division allows genetic information to be transmitted and provides new cells for growth and repair.
What are the two new cells formed after cell division called?
Daughter cells
The original cell from which they divide is referred to as the parent cell.
What is binary fission?
A type of cell division in prokaryotic cells
It involves the replication of DNA and division into two identical cells.
What is mitosis?
A type of cell division in eukaryotic cells
It results in two genetically identical nuclei.
What are the three main processes of the cell cycle?
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
Interphase involves DNA replication, mitosis divides the nucleus, and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm.
What is chromatin?
A mixture of DNA and protein in human chromosomes
Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
What are sister chromatids?
The two strands of a replicated chromosome
They are identical copies connected by a centromere.
What role does helicase play in DNA replication?
It breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases
This allows each strand to serve as a template for new strands.
What occurs during prophase of mitosis?
- DNA supercoils into chromosomes
- The nucleus breaks down
- Centrioles form and move to the poles
Spindle fibers begin to form during this phase.
What happens during metaphase of mitosis?
Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate
Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes.
What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles
Centromeres break, allowing chromatids to move.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
It begins near the end of telophase in mitosis.
What is a cleavage furrow?
An infolding of the cell membrane in animal cells during cytokinesis
It leads to the separation of the two daughter cells.
What is cancer in relation to cell division?
Uncontrolled cell division forming tumors
Various factors can increase the likelihood of developing cancer.
True or False: Binary fission occurs in eukaryotic cells.
False
Binary fission is specific to prokaryotic cells.
List two similarities between mitosis and binary fission.
- Chromosomes are separated after DNA replication
- Both processes result in two daughter cells
They are both forms of asexual reproduction.
List two differences between mitosis and binary fission.
- Mitosis is more complex with organized steps
- Binary fission occurs in prokaryotes, while mitosis occurs in eukaryotes
Mitosis involves spindle fibers and centrioles.
