1.4 Kingdoms

Question 1

Cell Wall

Answer 1

Plant Cell: Has a cell wall made of cellulose. This provides structure, strength, and prevents the cell from bursting when it takes in water (supports turgidity).
Animal Cell: No cell wall. Animal cells have an irregular, flexible shape.

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

Plant and Animal Cells: Both have a cell membrane, which is a thin, semi-permeable barrier.
Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell (e.g., nutrients, waste, and gases).

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Plant and Animal Cells: Both have a nucleus, which contains DNA.
Function: The nucleus controls the cell’s activities (like growth and division) and stores genetic information.

Question 4

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 4

Plant and Animal Cells: Both have cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance.
Function: Where most chemical reactions (e.g., respiration) take place. Organelles are suspended here.

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

Plant Cell: Contains chloroplasts, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
Function: Captures sunlight for photosynthesis, producing glucose and oxygen.
Animal Cell: Does not have chloroplasts because animals don’t photosynthesize.

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Plant and Animal Cells: Both have ribosomes, which are tiny structures found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Function: Protein synthesis (making proteins).

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Plant and Animal Cells: Both have mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion).
Function: The site of aerobic respiration, where energy (ATP) is released from glucose.

Question 8

Vacuoles

Answer 8

Plant Cell: Has a large central vacuole, filled with cell sap (water, sugars, salts).
Function: Helps maintain cell pressure (turgor), stores nutrients and waste products.
Animal Cell: Has small, temporary vacuoles, mainly used for storage and transport.

Question 9

Structure of a Bacterial Cell 1. Cell wa