Chapter 1.2: The Biological Classification Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is biological classification?
Biological classification is the process of organizing living organisms into groups based on shared characteristics, making it easier to study and understand the diversity of life. This system is hierarchical, with groups becoming more specific as you go down.
What is the binomial system of nomenclature?
The binomial system is a two-part naming system for species. Each species is given a genus name (capitalized) and a species name (lowercase), both written in italics or underlined. For example, Homo sapiens (humans).
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Unicellular organisms: Made up of a single cell (e.g., bacteria, yeast).
Multicellular organisms: Made up of many cells working together (e.g., humans, plants, animals).
What are the main components of a typical animal cell?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
The nucleus controls cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA).
What is the function of the cytoplasm in a cell?
The cytoplasm is where chemical reactions occur and contains enzymes that catalyze those reactions.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
What are the main components of a typical plant cell?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Vacuole
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis.
What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
The cell wall provides structure, support, and protection to the cell.
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and maintains turgor pressure.
What is the definition of tissues?
Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
What is the definition of organs?
Organs are made up of different types of tissues working together to perform a specific task.
What is the definition of an organ system?
An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform a specific function in the body.
What are examples of specialized cells in animals?
Red blood cells (carry oxygen)
Nerve cells (transmit electrical impulses)
Muscle cells (contract to enable movement)
What are examples of specialized cells in plants?
Xylem cells (transport water)
Phloem cells (transport sugars)
Palisade cells (perform photosynthesis)
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells with specific functions.
What is the structure and function of bacterial cells?
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic.
They have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, and genetic material (DNA) that floats freely.
Some also have a flagellum for movement and plasmids for additional genetic material.
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms: Made up of a single cell (e.g., bacteria, yeast).
Multicellular organisms: Made up of many cells working together (e.g., humans, plants, animals).
What is the function of enzymes in cells?
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed or altered in the process.
What is osmosis?
What is osmosis?
