Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

๐˜พ๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐˜ผ๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฎ COPY > 14. Lower Limb I > Flashcards

14. Lower Limb I Flashcards

(187 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 3 Bones that make up the Hip?

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Ischium
  3. Pubis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do the 3 Bones of the Hip meet?

A

Acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which cartilage separates the Hip bones at Puberty?

A

Tri - Radiate Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of Joint is the Hip joint?

A

Synovial Ball and Socket Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main bony features of the Acetabulum?

A
  1. Acetabular Notch
  2. Acetabular Fossa
  3. Lunate Surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the Lunate Surface?

A

The Lunate Surface articulates with the Head of the Femur to form the Hip Joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the Acetabular Fossa?

A

The Acetabular Fossa deepens the Ball and Socket Joint,
And contains the Ligament of the Head of the Femur,
This is the Round Ligament of the Femur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Round Ligament of the Femur contain?

A

The Acetabular Branch of the Obturator Artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main bony features of the Ilium?

A
  1. Iliac Crest:
  2. Wing (Ala) Of Ilium
  3. Gluteal Lines:
  4. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
  5. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
  6. Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
  7. Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine
  8. Greater Sciatic Notch
  9. Wing (Ala) Of Ilium
  10. Iliac Fossa
  11. Iliac Tuberosity
  12. Auricular Surface (For Sacrum)
  13. Body Of Ilium
  14. Arcuate Line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the components of the Iliac Crest?

A
  • Tuberculum
  • Outer Lip
  • Inner Lip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 Gluteal Lines?

A
  1. Anterior Gluteal Line
  2. Posterior Gluteal Line
  3. Inferior Gluteal Line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which muscle attaches to the ASIS?

A

Sartorius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Vertebral level of
the highest point of the Iliac Crest?

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Vertebral Level of the PSIS?

A

Between S1/S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which Muscle passes through the Greater Sciatic Notch?

A

Piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which Vessels pass through the Greater Sciatic Notch?

A

Internal Pudendal Vessels
Superior Gluteal Vessels
Inferior Gluteal Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which Nerves pass through the Greater Sciatic Notch?

A

Sciatic Nerve
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
Nerve to Obturator Internus
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which Bony landmark is important for locating
the Appendix (McBurneyโ€™s Point)?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the main bony features of the Pubis?

A
  1. Iliopubic Eminence
  2. Superior Pubic Ramus
  3. Inferior Pubic Ramus
  4. Pecten Pubis (Pectineal Line)
  5. Pubic Tubercle
  6. Symphyseal Surface
  7. Obturator Crest
  8. Obturator Groove
  9. Pubic Tubercle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which Ligament attaches to the Pubic Tubercle?

A

Inguinal Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the main bony features of the Ischium?

A
  1. Ischial Spine
  2. Lesser Sciatic Notch
  3. Body Of Ischium
  4. Ischial Tuberosity
  5. Ischial Spine
  6. Lesser Sciatic Notch
  7. Ramus Of Ischium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Ischial Tuberosity?

A

The Bony Portion of the Hip that we sit on.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which structures attach to the Lower Part of the
Ischial Tuberosity?

A

Adductor Magnus
Sacrotuberous Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which structures attach to the Upper Part of the
Ischial Tuberosity?

A

Semimembranosus Muscle
Long Head of Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which Vessels pass through the Lesser Sciatic Notch?
Internal Pudendal Vessels
26
Which Nerve passes through the Lesser Sciatic Notch?
Nerve to Obturator Internus
27
What are the main bony features of the Femur?
1. Head 2. Neck 3. Fovea For Ligament Of Femur Head 4. Greater Trochanter 5. Lesser Trochanter 6. Intertrochanteric Crest 7. Intertrochanteric Line (Quadrate Tubercle) 8. Pectineal Line 9. Gluteal Tuberosity 10. Linea Aspera 11. Nutrient Foramen 12. Shaft (Body) 13. Popliteal Surface 14. Patellar Surface 15. Medial Condyle 16. Lateral Condyle 17. Medial Epicondyle 18. Lateral Epicondyle 19. Lateral Supracondylar Line 20. Medial Supracondylar Line 21. Intercondylar Fossa 22. Adductor Tubercle
28
What are the 2 Lips of the Linea Aspera?
- Medial Lip - Lateral Lip
29
Which Muscles attach to the Greater Trochanter?
Gluteus Medius Obturator Externus Obturator Internus Superior Gemellus Inferior Gemellus
30
Which Muscles attach to the Lesser Trochanter?
Psoas Major Iliopsoas
31
Which Ligament attaches Superior to the Intertrochanteric Line?
Iliofemoral Ligament One of strongest Ligaments in the body
32
Which 2 Quadriceps Femoris Muscles attach to the Linea Aspera?
1. Vastus Medialis: Attaches to the Medial Lip 2. Vastus Lateralis: Attaches to the Lateral Lip
33
List the Major Ligaments in the Hip Joint:
1. Fibrous Joint Capsule 2. Iliofemoral Ligament 3. Pubofemoral Ligament 4. Ischiofemoral Ligament 5. Transverse Acetabular Ligament 6. Ligamentum Teres Femoris
34
What are the attachments of the Fibrous Capsule at the Hip?
Hip: - Acetabular Margin - Labrum - Transverse Acetabular Ligament - Obturator Foramen
35
What are the attachments of the Fibrous Capsule at the Femur?
Femur: - Intertrochanteric Line - Intertrochanteric Crest.
36
What is the Shape of the Iliofemoral Ligament?
It is Y - Shaped
37
What is the role of the Iliofemoral Ligament in Posture?
Maintains posture without need for Muscular Activity. When standing the Ligament is Twisted and Tense, Preventing trunk from falling backwards.
38
How does the Iliofemoral Ligament facilitate Hip Flexion?
Hip Flexion: Ligament Tension reduced Hip Mobility increased.
39
Which movements does the Transverse Part of the Iliofemoral Ligament control?
Lateral Rotation Adduction
40
What movement is limited by the Descending Part of the Iliofemoral Ligament?
Medial Rotation is limited by the Descending Part.
41
How is the Femoral Head attached to the Transverse Acetabular Ligmament?
Femoral Head is attached to the Transverse Acetabular Ligament. By the Ligamentum Teres Femoris (Ligment of the Head of the Femur).
42
What Deepens the Acetabulum?
Acetabulum is Deepened by the Acetabular Labrum.
43
What structure runs within the Ligamentum Teres?
Acetabular Branch of the Obturator Artery.
44
Which Arteries supply the Head and Neck of the Femur?
Inferior Gluteal Artery Deep Femoral (Profunda Femoris) Artery Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
45
How do Arteries supply the Head and Neck of the Femur?
Via the Cruciate Anastomosis.
46
What is the main contributor to the Head and Neck of the Femur?
Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery.
47
What condition is the Hip Joint susceptible to?
Osteoarthritis
48
How can Pelvic Fractures occur?
Direct Trauma (automobile accident/crush injuries) Forces transmitted by Lower Limbs during falls on the feet.
49
What is the nature of Fractures of the Bony Pelvis?
Fractures of the Bony Pelvic Ring are almost always Multiple Fractures Or a Fracture combined with a Joint Dislocation.
50
What are the weak areas of the Pelvis that often Fracture?
Pubic Rami Acetabula Sacroiliac Joints Alae of the ilia
51
What are Broken Hips in the Elderly often referring to?
Femoral Neck Fracture
52
Which group is more susceptible to Femoral Neck Fracture?
Women over 60 years more than Men, Because Bones in Females are more frequently weakened by Osteoporosis.
53
What are the 2 types of Femoral Neck Fracture Give Examples of each?
1. Intracapsular Fractures: - Femoral Head Fracture - Femoral Neck Fracture 2. Extracapsular Fractures: - Intertrochanteric Fracture - Subtrochanteric Fracture - Femoral Shaft Fracture
54
Which other structure is vulnerable to injury from Femoral Neck Fractures?
Retinacular Arteries run parallel to the Femoral Neck, Making them vulnerable to injury when the neck of the Femur Fractures.
55
Why do Femoral Neck Fractures need to be assessed quickly?
As increased risk of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head.
56
What are the Boundaries of the Gluteal Region?
1. Superior: Iliac Crest 2. Inferior: Gluteal Fold (Bottom Of Bum) 3. Lateral: Greater Trochanter 4. Medial: Intergluteal Cleft (Bum Crack)
57
What are the Muscles of the Gluteal Region?
1. Gluteus Maximus 2. Gluteus Medius 3. Piriformis 4. Superior Gemelli 5. Inferior Gemelli 6. Obturator Internus Tendon 7. Quadratus Femoris 8. Obturator Externus
58
What is the Origin of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle?
Hip: Posterior Gluteal Line of Ilium Sacrum and Coccyx And Sacrotuberous Ligament.
59
What is the Insertion of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle?
Femur: Gluteal Tuberosity And Iliotibial Tract
60
What is the Action of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle?
Hip Extension External Rotation (Helps in Rising from Sitting)
61
What are the Nerve Roots of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle?
L5, S1 & S2 Nerve Roots
62
What is the Action of the Gluteus Medius Muscle?
Abducts Femur at the Hip Internal Hip Rotation Aids in Early Hip Flexion
63
What is the Innervation of the Gluteus Medius Muscle?
Superior Gluteal Nerve Roots: L4 - S1
64
What is the Action of the Gluteus Minimus Muscle?
Abducts Femur at the Hip Internal Hip Rotation Early Hip Flexion
65
What is the Innervation of the Gluteus Minimus Muscle?
Superior Gluteal Nerve Roots: L4 - S1
66
What are the Ligaments of the Gluteal Region?
1. Sacrotuberous Ligament 2. Sacrospinous Ligament
67
What Foramen is formed by the Sacrotuberous and Sacrospinous?
Greater Sciatic Foramen
68
What is the function of the Sacrotuberous Ligament?
Important in preventing Body Weight from Rotating the Pelvic Girdle Forwards.
69
Which Surgical Procedure is associated with the Sacrospinous?
Correcting Vaginal Prolapse
70
Which important Neurovascular structures emerge from The Greater Sciatic Foramen?
Superior Gluteal Nerves and Vessels Superior to Piriformis Inferior Gluteal Nerves and Vessels Inferior to Piriformis.
71
How is the Sciatic Nerve related to the Piriformis?
Sciatic Nerve lays Inferior to Piriformis, Though in 12% of people, the Common Fibular Portion may exit through the Muscle.
72
What are the Short Rotator Muscles of the Hip?
1. Piriformis 2. Superior Gemellus 3. Obturator Internus 4. Inferior Gemellus 5. Quadratus Femoris
73
What are the Actions of the Short Rotator Muscles of the Hip?
Laterally Rotate Extend Thigh Help Abduction
74
What is the Action of the Quadratus Femoris?
This Muscle helps laterally Rotate Thigh.
75
What is the Action of the Obturator Externus?
Lateral Rotation.
76
Who is most susceptible to Sciatic Nerve Injury?
People involved in sports that require excessive use of Gluteal Muscles.
77
What is the role of the Piriformis in Sciatic Nerve Injury?
- 50% of Sciatic Injury indicate Trauma to the Buttock associated with Hypertrophy and Spasm of Piriformis. - In 12% of people, the Common Fibular Division of the Sciatic Nerve passes through Piriformis allowing the muscle to compress the Nerve.
78
Why is the Gluteal Region used to administer Injections?
The Muscles are Thick and Large Providing a Large Surface Area for Drug Absorption.
79
What is the Anterior Thigh Compartment?
1. Tensor Fasciae Latae 2. Sartorius 3. Iliopsoas 4. Quadriceps Femoris
80
Which Muscles make up the Iliopsoas?
1. Iliacus 2. Psoas Major
81
Which Muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris?
1. Rectus Femoris 2. Vastus Lateralis 3. Vastus Intermedius 4. Vastus Medialis
82
What action do the Anterior Thigh Compartment Muscles have?
Flexion of the Thigh at the Hip.
83
What is the Innervation of the Anterior Thigh Compartment?
Femoral Nerve Spina Segments: L2 - L4
84
What is the Inferior Attachment Point of the Iliopsoas Muscle?
Iliopsoas inserts on the Lesser Trochanter
85
What is the Action of the Iliopsoas Muscle?
Hip Flexion
86
When the Femoral Neck is broken, How may contraction of Iliopsoas externally rotate the Hip?
When Femoral Neck is broken, The Lesser Trochanter is Pulled Up and Lateral, Causing characteristic External Rotation of the Hip.
87
Which Quadriceps Muscles attach onto the Patella?
All of the Quadriceps Muscles Except the most Inferior Muscle: Vastus Medialis, Insert directly into the Patella.
88
What Tendon attaches the Quadriceps onto the Patella?
Quadriceps Tendon
89
Where does the Vastus Medialis insert?
Muscle Fibres attached to Medial Aspect of Patella.
90
What condition is the Vastus Medialis linked to?
Linked with Patellofemoral Pain.
91
What is the Origin of the Sartorius Muscle?
Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine
92
What is the Insertion of the Sartorius Muscle?
attaches to the superior, medial surface of the tibia
93
What is the Action of the Sartorius Muscle?
At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.
94
What is the Innervation of the Sartorius Muscle?
Femoral Nerve. Nerve Roots: L2, L3
95
What is the Origin of the Iliacus Muscle?
iliacus originates from the iliac fossa of the pelvis
96
What is the Insertion of the Iliacus Muscle?
lesser trochanter of the femur.
97
What is the Action of the Iliacus Muscle?
Flexes the thigh at the hip joint.
98
What is the Innervation of the Iliacus Muscle?
Femoral Nerve. Nerve Roots: L2, L3
99
What is the Origin of the Psoas Major Muscle?
originates from the lumbar vertebrae
100
What is the Insertion of the Psoas Major Muscle?
lesser trochanter of the femur.
101
What is the Action of the Psoas Major Muscle?
Flexes the thigh at the hip joint.
102
What is the Innervation of the Psoas Major Muscle?
anterior rami of L1-3
103
What is the Origin of the Rectus Femoris Muscle?
Originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine and the area of the ilium immediately superior to the acetabulum
104
What is the Insertion of the Rectus Femoris Muscle?
attaches to the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon.
105
What is the Action of the Rectus Femoris Muscle?
flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends at the knee joint.
106
What is the Innervation of the Rectus Femoris Muscle?
Femoral Nerve. Nerve Roots: L2, L3, L4
107
What is the Origin of the Vastus Lateralis Muscle?
Originates from the greater trochanter and the lateral lip of linea aspera.
108
What is the Insertion of the Vastus Lateralis Muscle?
Quadriceps Femoris Tendon
109
What is the Action of the Vastus Lateralis Muscle?
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella.
110
What is the Innervation of the Vastus Lateralis Muscle?
Femoral Nerve. Nerve Roots: L2, L3, L4
111
What is the Origin of the Vastus Intermedius Muscle?
Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft.
112
What is the Insertion of the Vastus Intermedius Muscle?
Quadriceps Femoris Tendon Lateral Margin of Patella
113
What is the Action of the Vastus Intermedius Muscle?
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella
114
What is the Innervation of the Vastus Intermedius Muscle?
Femoral Nerve. Nerve Roots: L2, L3, L4
115
What is the Origin of the Vastus Medialis Muscle?
The intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera.
116
What is the Insertion of the Vastus Medialis Muscle?
Quadriceps Femoris Tendon Lateral Margin of Patella
117
What is the Action of the Vastus Medialis Muscle?
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella, particularly due to its horizontal fibres at the distal end.
118
What is the Innervation of the Vastus Medialis Muscle?
Femoral Nerve. Nerve Roots: L2, L3, L4
119
What is the Medial Thigh Compartment?
1. Pectineus: Also Anterior Compartment 2. Gracilis 3. Adductor Longus 4. Adductor Brevis 5. Adductor Magnus 6. Obturator Externus
120
Which Muscle is also considered a part of the Medial Compartment?
Semimembranosus Muscle
121
Why is the Pectineus also a part of the Anterior Compartment?
It is innervated by the Femoral Nerve.
122
What action do the Medial Thigh Compartment Muscles have?
Adduction
123
What is the Innervation of the Medial Thigh Compartment?
Obturator Nerve Spinal Segments: L2 - L4 (Most Muscles) Sciatic Nerve Spinal Segments: L4 - S1 (Adductor Magnus)
124
Which Medial Thigh Compartment Muscle receives Innervation from two different Nerves?
Adductor Magnus: - Obturator Nerve Innervation - Sciatic Nerve Innervation.
125
What links the Obturator and Femoral Nerves?
Both carry Neurons from the Same Spinal Segments.
126
What is the Origin of the Pectineus Muscle?
the pectineal line on the anterior surface of the pelvis,
127
What is the Insertion of the Pectineus Muscle?
pectineal line on the posterior side of the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter.
128
What is the Action of the Pectineus Muscle?
Adduction and flexion at the hip joint.
129
What is the Innervation of the Pectineus Muscle?
Femoral Nerve. Nerve Roots: L2, L3, L4 May also receive a branch from the obturator nerve.
130
What is the Origin of the Gracilis Muscle?
inferior rami of the pubis, and the body of the pubis
131
What is the Insertion of the Gracilis Muscle?
medial surface of the tibia
132
What is the Action of the Gracilis Muscle?
Adduction of the thigh at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the knee.
133
What is the Innervation of the Gracilis Muscle?
Obturator Nerve Nerve Roots: L2, L3
134
What is the Origin of the Adductor Longus Muscle?
pubis
135
What is the Insertion of the Adductor Longus Muscle?
attaching broadly to the linea aspera of the femur
136
What is the Action of the Adductor Longus Muscle?
Adduction of the thigh. Medial Rotation
137
What is the Innervation of the Adductor Longus Muscle?
Obturator Nerve: Anterior Division Nerve Roots: L2, L3, L4
138
What is the Origin of the Adductor Brevis Muscle?
body of pubis and inferior pubic rami
139
What is the Insertion of the Adductor Brevis Muscle?
the linea aspera on the posterior surface of the femur, proximal to the adductor longus.
140
What is the Action of the Adductor Brevis Muscle?
Adduction of the thigh. Medial Rotation
141
What is the Innervation of the Adductor Brevis Muscle?
Obturator Nerve Nerve Roots: L2, L3
142
What is the Origin of the Adductor Magnus: Adductor Part?
Ischiopubic Ramus
143
What is the Insertion of the Adductor Magnus: Adductor Part?
inferior rami of the pubis and the rami of ischium
144
What is the Innervation of the Adductor Magnus: Adductor Part?
Obturator Nerve Nerve Roots: L2, L3, L4
145
What is the Origin of the Adductor Magnus: Hamstring Part?
Ischial Tuberosity
146
What is the Insertion of the Adductor Magnus: Hamstring Part?
adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of the femur
147
What is the Innervation of the Adductor Magnus: Hamstring Part?
Sciatic Nerve: Tibial Division Nerve Roots: L2, L3, L4
148
What is the Action of the Adductor Magnus Muscle?
both adduct the thigh. The adductor component also flexes the thigh, with the hamstring portion extending the thigh. Medial Rotation
149
What is the Action of the Obturator Externus Muscle?
Lateral Rotation of the Thigh at the Hip
150
What is the Posterior Thigh Compartment?
1. Semitendinosus 2. Semimembranosus: Also Medial Compartment 3. Biceps Femoris 4. Adductor Magnus
151
What action do the Posterior Thigh Compartment Muscles have?
Thigh Extension Leg Flexion
152
What are Posterior Thigh Compartment referred as collectively?
Hamstring Muscles
153
Which Bony Landmark on the Hip do the Hamstring Muscles Originate from?
Common Hamstring Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
154
Which Hamstring Muscle has a different Origin to the rest?
Short Head of Biceps Femoris: Which originates from the: - Linea Aspera AND - Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of Femur
155
What is the Action of the Biceps Femoris Muscle?
Knee: - Flexion - Lateral Rotation Of the Leg at the Knee Hip: - Extension - Adduction - Lateral Rotation Of the Thigh at the Hip
156
What is the Innervation of the Long Head of the Biceps Femoris Muscle?
Long Head: - Tibial Branch of the Sciatic Nerve - Nerve Roots: L5 - S3
157
What is the Innervation of the Short Head of the Biceps Femoris Muscle?
Short Head: - Fibular Branch of the Sciatic Nerve - Nerve Roots: L5 - S2
158
What is the Action of the Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus Muscles?
Knee: - Flexion - Medial Rotation Of the Leg at the Knee Hip: - Extension - Adduction - Medial Rotation Of the Thigh at the Hip
159
What is the Innervation of the Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus Muscles?
Tibial Branch of the Sciatic Nerve Nerve Roots: L4 - S2
160
What are the Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle?
Superior Boundary: - Inguinal Ligament Medial Boundary: - Adductor Longus Lateral Boundary: - Sartorius
161
What does SAIL stand for?
Acronym for the Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle SAIL: SArtorius, Adductor Longus, Inguinal Ligament
162
Which Muscles form the Floor and Roof of the Fermoral Triangle
Lateral Floor: - Iliopsoas Medial Floor: - Pectinius - Adductor Longus Roof: - Fascia Lata
163
How are structures arranged in the Femoral Triangle?
NAVY: From Lateral to Medial. 1. Nerve 2. Artery 3. Vein 4. Y - Front Lymphatics
164
What are the Femoral Artery and Vein enclosed in?
A Fibrous Femoral Sheath divided into 3 Compartments.
165
What is the Femoral Canal?
The Femoral Canal is the most Medial and Smallest. It normally contains Lymphatic Vessels and a Deep Inguinal Lymph Node (Cloquetโ€™s). It is the site of Femoral Hernias (see clinical snippet).
166
List the main Arteries of the Hip & Thigh:
1. Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery 2. Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery 3. Inferior Epigastric Artery 4. Superficial Epigastric Artery 5. Superficial External Pudental Artery 6. Deep External Pudental Artery 7. Obturator Artery 8. Acetabular Branch Of The Obturator Artery. 9. Retinacular Artery 10. Inferior Gluteal Artery 11. Deep Femoral Artery (Profunda Femoris) 12. Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery 13. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery 14. Cruciate Anastomosis
167
What are the 2 Principal Branches of the Deep Femoral Artery (Profunda Femoris)?
1. Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery 2. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
168
What does the Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery wrap around?
Wraps round the Posterior Side of the Femur
169
What does the Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery Supply?
Supplying the Head and Neck of the Femur.
170
What Fracture can damage the Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery?
- In a Fracture of the Femoral Neck this Artery can easily be damaged, - And Avascular Necrosis of the Femur Head can occur.
171
What does the Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery wrap around?
Wraps round the Anterior and Lateral Side of the Femur.
172
What does the Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery Supply?
Supplying some of the Muscles on the Lateral Aspect of the Thigh.
173
What other Branches emerge from the Deep Femoral Artery?
Perforating Branches
174
What are the Perforating Branches of the Deep Femoral Artery?
Consist of 3 or 4 Arteries that Perforate the Adductor Magnus
175
What do the Perforating Branches of the Deep Femoral Artery Supply?
Contributing to the Supply of the Muscles in the Medial and Posterior Thigh.
176
Where does the Adductor Canal run?
Extends Distally from the Apex of the Femoral Triangle to the Adductor Hiatus.
177
What 2 areas the Adductor Canal link?
It serves as an anatomical link between the Femoral Triangle and the Popliteal Fossa.
178
When does Patellofemoral Pain occur?
Occurs when the Patella (kneecap) rubs on the Femur Bone underneath.
179
Why is damage to Cartilage not involved in Patellofemoral Pain?
Damage to the Cartilage itself CANNOT directly cause Pain, Because there are no Blood Vessels or Nerves involved.
180
What are the consequences of damage to Cartilage
1. Synovitis (inflammation of the Synovial Membrane or Joint Lining) 2. Erosion of the Cartilage and Bone under the Patella 3. Soft Tissues Injury or Irritation for example to the Lateral Retinaculum and the Infra Patellar Fat Pad.
181
How common are Femoral Hernias?
Relatively Uncommon 2% of all Hernias
182
Who is more Susceptible to Femoral Hernias?
Occur more frequently in Women probably due to a Wider Pelvis hence Wider Femoral Canal.
183
What are the Boundaries of the Femoral Canal?
Medial Border: - Lacunar Ligament. Lateral Border: - Femoral Vein. Anterior Border: - Inguinal Ligament. Posterior Border: - Pectineal Ligament - Superior Ramus of the Pubic Bone - Pectineus Muscle
184
What is a Strangulates Femoral Hernia?
A Strangulated Femoral Hernia occurs when a Femoral Hernia Blocks Blood Supply to part of the Bowel. So a Loop of Bowel loses its Blood Supply.
185
In which Herniae is Strangulation more common?
Strangulation can happen in all Hernias but is more common in Femoral and Inguinal Hernias due to their narrow โ€œnecks".
186
Where is a Femoral Hernia in relation to the Pubic Tubercule?
A Femoral Hernia is BELOW & LATERAL to the Pubic Tubercle.
187
Where is an Inguinal Hernia in relation to the Pubic Tubercule?
A Inguinal Hernia is ABOVE & MEDIAL to the Pubic Tubercle.

๐˜พ๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐˜ผ๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฎ COPY (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions