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Anatomy Section 6 > 14 – Male Delivery System > Flashcards

14 – Male Delivery System Flashcards

1
Q

Why should we care about the male delivery system?

A

-urethras get blocked
-broken penis bone
-urethra ruptures
-penile tumors
-collect semen and urine

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2
Q

Urethra:

A

-pelvic and penile parts
-urethral crest
-colliculus seminalis
-urethral diverticulum (bull and camelids)
-urethral sinus (stallion)

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3
Q

Pelvic part of the urethra:

A

-extends from bladder to beginning of penis at ischial arch
-mucosal tube (longitudinal folds)
-transitional epithelium
-cavernous vascular submucosa
-urethralis m.

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4
Q

Vascular submucosa:

A

-building of vascular erectile tissue around the urethra
-venous sinus around urethra
>lots of bigger vessels that can engorge with blood and they won’t leak
*continuous with corpus spongiosum

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5
Q

Urethralis m.

A

-under voluntary control (striated)
-can constrict to keep back the urine
*males have better control than females

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6
Q

Penile or spongy part of urethra:

A

-extends from ischial arch to urethral orifice
-mucosal tube
-transitional epithelium
-vascular submucosa (stratum spongiosum)
-muscular tunic (at the bulb/beginning of penis)

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7
Q

Colliculus seminalis:

A

-space
-ejaculatory duct (deferent duct and vesicular glands)
-multiple opens for the ducts of the prostate

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8
Q

Trigone area of the urethra:

A

-openings of the ureters
-urethral crest
-colliculus seminalis
-multiple ducts of bulbourethral glands

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9
Q

Penis: 3 of everything

A

-3 regions (proximal to distal)
-3 vascular columns
-3 muscles

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10
Q

What are the 3 main regions of the penis?

A

-root (bulb)
-body: attached to ventral body wall
-glans: free end

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11
Q

Glans:

A

-free end
-‘acorn’
-DOG: penis bone embedded (starts as cartilage at birth)
>longer than the free part of the penis
-continuation of corpus spongiosum at tip of penis

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12
Q

What are the 3 vascular columns?

A

-corpus cavernosum: 2 crura (paired)
-corpus spongiosum: single (unpaired)

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13
Q

Corpus cavernosum:

A

-from ischial arch
-beginning= 2 crura (roots)
-meet each other and make one body

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14
Q

Corpus spongiosum:

A

-single
-arounds urethra
-VENTRAL aspect of penis
-distal most part=expands and covers corpus cavernosum to make the glans penis

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15
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the penis?

A

-ischiocarvernosus m
-bulbospongiosus m
-retractor penis m
*pump at base to push blood through columns and the semen through the penis

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16
Q

Ischiocavernosus m.

A

-ischial tuber to end of body
-covers beginning of corpus cavernosum
-paired
*striated

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17
Q

What are some other muscles that originate on the ischial tuber?

A

-biceps femoris
-semitendinosus
-semimembranosus

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18
Q

Bulbospongiosus m.

A

-paired but fused
*striated
-covers corpus spongiosum (ventral aspect) to half of the body
-continuous with urethralis

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19
Q

Retractor penis m.

A

-paired
*mostly smooth
-base of tail, goes around anus and attach on the body

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20
Q

Ruminants retractor penis m.

A

-pulls the penis back
-cannot increase in length but needs to protrude out during eructation=relaxation

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21
Q

Parasympathetic system is important for

A

-erection and relaxation of retractor penis m.
*pelvic nerve

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22
Q

Sympathetic system controls:

A

-the deposition of semen
*ejaculation

23
Q

Stallion perineum: crus

A

-erectile tissue and tunica albuginea that surrounds it
-surrounded by ischiocavernosus m. (what they are sitting on)

24
Q

Penis of the dog:

A

-root (bulb)
-bulbus glandus: enlargement of the glands
-body
-glans

25
Q

Corpus cavernosum in dogs

A

-not as extensive as corpus spongiosum which surrounds the urethra
-surrounded by thick fibrous tissue (tunica albgineas)

26
Q

Glans penis of dog:

A

-extensive
-doesn’t increase in length b/c of bone (os penis) in the middle
-girth increases a lot during copulation

27
Q

Dog copulation:

A

-penis is interested into vagina when it is not fully erected
-when fully erected=twisted and bulbus glandus is enlarged
*tie due to engorgement of blood, twisting and female constricting the muscle

28
Q

Blood to the penis:

A

-internal pudendal artery
-once at penis=artery of penis
>artery of bulb
>deep artery of penis
>dorsal artery of penis

29
Q

Artery of bulb:

A

-into bulb and the corpus spongiosum

30
Q

Deep artery of the penis:

A

-into 2 crura of corpus cavernosum

31
Q

Dorsal artery of the penis:

A

-dorso-lateral aspect of distal free part (glans)
-superficial

32
Q

Veins of the penis:

A

-largely satellite
-drain cavernous spaces
-eventually converge to drain into internal pudendal vein

33
Q

Venous occlusion happens at 3 spots:

A

-ischial arch
-prepuce
-vestibule of female
*relax arteries and constrict veins

34
Q

Erection (sexual stimulation) steps:

A
  1. Arteries dilate at entrance of cavernous tissue
  2. Filling of spongy and cavernous spaces
  3. Distention
  4. Restriction of venous outflow (pressure on tunica albuginea and contraction of the 3 muscles)
  5. Relaxation of retractor penis m
  6. Extension of glans penis beyond prepuce
35
Q

Penis of the cat: positions

A

-normal state: faces backwards
-during erection: straightens
-completed erected state: faces forward

36
Q

Glans penis of cats:

A

-not as extensive as in dogs
-base is wider than the tip
-spines
>dependent on testosterone level
-castrated=no spines (smooth)

37
Q

How does the semen reach the end of the penis?

A

-doesn’t use peristaltic movement of muscles (no muscles at the end)
*uses pressure of blood

38
Q

How are the necessary pressures generated?

A

*constricting outflow AND allowing the blood to come in
-2 muscles continue to pump the blood through
-475 psi when erected
(ruptures at 1500 psi)

39
Q

What does the root of the penis do?

A

-where the muscles continually pulsate and push the blood through
>pressure increases in corpus spongiosum
>squeeze urethral lining and semen leaves

40
Q

What are the 2 general penis types?

A
  1. Musculo-cavernous
  2. Fibro-elastic
41
Q

Musculo-cavernous penis:

A

-stallion
-carnivores
-man
*corpus cavernous has muscles=can relax and increase in length

42
Q

Fibro-elastic penis:

A

-ruminants
-boar
-camelids
*doesn’t increase in length, but expands in diameter=more pressure
*sigmoid flexure to keep ‘extra length’ inside the body

43
Q

Sigmoid flexure part of boar penis:

A

-cranial of testicles

44
Q

Sigmoid flexure part of ruminants penis:

A

-caudal to testicles
*not in cervids

45
Q

Erectile tissue in the penis of the horse

A

-fossa glandis
-urethral sinus (diverticulum)
>test semen from both
*no os penis

46
Q

Urethral process: animals

A

-horses
-bulls
-rams=extensive

47
Q

Pigs penis:

A

-corkscrew
>cervix is similar
*insemination inside the uterus

48
Q

Prepuce (sheath) in dog:

A

-sheath covering ventro-lateral aspects of penis
-invagination of skin that covers the penis (external and internal layer)
-preputial or secondary fold
-sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands
-no hair
-aggregated lymphoid nodules
-preputial retractor and protractor muscles
-preputial diverticulum (boar)

49
Q

External layer of prepuce is continuous with:

A

-skin of abdominal wall

50
Q

Internal layer of prepuce is continuous with

A

-skin on the free part of the penis

51
Q

Smegma (prepuce)

A

-secretions + desquamated skin

52
Q

Boar prepuce:

A

-additional dorsal preputial diverticulum
>extra area for smell material

53
Q

Horses prepuce

A

-2 folds

Anatomy Section 6 (18 decks)

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