8b – Female Tubular Genitalia II

Question 1

Cervix form:

Answer 1

-inner mucosal folds (secreting cells)
-middle elastic fibromuscular tissue
-outer serosa (visceral peritoneum)
*sphincter that controls access to and from uterus

Question 2

Cervix function:

Answer 2

-seal against ascending contaminants
-retention of growing fetus
-sperm transport
-lubrication and flushing system=mucus production

Question 3

How does the uterus stay clean?

Answer 3

-cervix

Question 4

How does the vagina stay clean?

Answer 4

-changes the pH

Question 5

Ruminant cervix:

Answer 5

-3-4 circular rings (plicae circulares)
-annular transverse folds

Question 6

Pig cervix:

Answer 6

-complicated
-very long and tortuous=IMPOSSIBLE to pass pipette
*interdigitating folds
-no vaginal fornix

Question 7

Mare cervix:

Answer 7

-longitudinal folds
-easy to pass the pipette
>easily dilated

Question 8

External uterine ostium:

Answer 8

-different stages during estrus cycle
-easy to open closer to ovulation

Question 9

Vestibule:

Answer 9

-ectodermal invagination
-major vestibular gland
-clitoris
-external urethral orifice and suburethral diverticulum

Question 10

Vagina:

Answer 10

-copulatory organ and birth canal
-from external cervical os to ischial arch
-mesoderm
-paramesonephric ducts
*sensitive to hormonal changes

Question 11

Vagina layers:

Answer 11

-adventitia: mostly retroperitoneal except at cranial-most end)
-smooth muscle
-mucosa: stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

Vaginal fornix:

Answer 12

-reflection of cranial end of vagina back to protruding cervical os

Question 13

Vestibular-vaginal junction:

Answer 13

-between the vagina and vestibule
-former site of hymen
-transverse mucosal fold in mares

Question 14

Vestibule:

Answer 14

-most caudal portion of tubular genitalia
-from vagina (ischial arch) to external environment
-developmental site of fusion between paramesophric duct and urogenital sinus
-vascular erectile tissue along lateral and ventral aspects

Question 15

Vestibular glands:

Answer 15

-diffuse in carnivores and horses (minor glands)
-large with single duct in cattle (major glands)
*on ventro-lateral walls (“bartholin’s glands’)

Question 16

Canine vagina, vestibule and urethra:

Answer 16

-upward slope from uterus then horizontal and then downwards
*greatest vesetibulo-vaginal angle
-urethral tubercle

Question 17

Urethral tubercle in dogs:

Answer 17

-papilla where the opening of the urethra sites on

Question 18

Vestibule-vaginal angle of cow and horse:

Answer 18

-cow: straight
-horse: intermediate

Question 19

Suburethral diverticulum:

Answer 19

-blind ended
-in cows, sows and camelids

Question 20

Vulva:

Answer 20

-terminal portion of vestibule
-vulvar lips
-dorsal and ventral commissures bound by labia
*only labia minora

Question 21

Vulvar lips (labia):

Answer 21

-terminal portion of vestibule

Question 22

Labia minora:

Answer 22

-no labia majora in animals=only have inner lips

Question 23

Clitoris location:

Answer 23

-ventral commissure

Question 24

Clitoris:

Answer 24

-homologue to penis
>2 crura
>body
>glans
-clitoral prepuce
-retractor muscles

Question 25

Os clitoridis: (clitoris)

Answer 25

-bitch and queen

Question 26

Sigmoid flexure: (clitoris)

Answer 26

-ruminants

Question 27

No glans clitoris:

Answer 27

-queens=cats

Question 28

Rima pudenda (rima vulvae):

Answer 28

-external urogenital opening (between labia)

Question 29

External uterine ostium:

Answer 29

-opening between the vagina and cervix

Question 30

Internal uterine ostium:

Answer 30

-opening between the uterine body and cervix

Question 31

Uterine artery in sows:

Answer 31

-direct branch of umbilical artery
>which is a direct branch of the internal iliac artery

Question 32

Proper ligament in pigs:

Answer 32

-joins the ovary to the nearby mesometrium

Question 33

Firm cervical cushions in sows:

Answer 33

-officially known as pulvini
*absence of a grossly discernible vaginal fornix