1.4 managing people M

Question 1

approaches to staffing

what is staffing?

Answer 1

the process of hiring, training and supervising employees within a business.

Question 2

approaches to staffing

what is staff as an asset? (soft HRM)

Answer 2

treating staff as a useful or valuable thing / person. they are seen as a benefit to the business

Question 3

approaches to staffing

what is staff as a cost? (hard HRM)

Answer 3

treating staff as an expense rather than an asset. they are not seen as a benefit to the business

Question 4

outsourcing

what is outsourcing?

Answer 4

the delegation of one or more business processes to an external provider who then owns, manages and administers the selected processes to an agreed standard

Question 5

flexible working

what is flexible working?

Answer 5

a work practice that allows the employees a certain degree of freedom in deciding how the work will be carried out, with the agreement of the employer

Question 6

flexible working

what are the flexible working methods?

Answer 6

part time work
job sharing
remote working
compressed hours
annualised hours
career break
flexi time
zero hour contracts
term time
outsourcing

Question 7

severance

what is severance?

Answer 7

the ending of the employee/employer relationship. eg. retirement, redundancy etc

Question 8

severance

define redundancy

Answer 8

the state of being no longer in employment as the job role no longer exists. redundant workers receive severance / redundancy pay
voluntary - volunteering to leave as the business needs people to
mandatory - job no longer exists

Question 9

severance

define retirement

Answer 9

when someone leaves their job and stops working either because they’ve reached retirement age, or early retirement because they’ve achieved their goals. state pension is given by the government

Question 10

severance

define transfers / resignation

Answer 10

transfers - someone moves to another location but within the same company
resignation - when an employee ends their contract. expected to work the notice period

Question 11

severance

define fair dismissal

Answer 11

when a company dismisses someone without notice because of gross misconduct. evidence must be given as the employee may challenge this

Question 12

severance

define unfair dismissal

Answer 12

employment termination made without good reason. this could be constructive dismissal where the employer makes the environment unpleasant so the employee leaves

Question 13

severance

define restructure

Answer 13

reorganising the legal, ownership, operational or other structures of a company. eg. delayering

Question 14

severance

why might a business need to end the relationship?

Answer 14

• demand / sales have fallen - not enough work
• delayering - organisational structures
• change in focus - new market
• dismissal - gross misconduct

Question 15

trade unions

define collective bargaining

Answer 15

employees, typically represented by unions, negotiate with their employer to establish terms and conditions of employment for the entire group of workers

Question 16

trade unions

define individual bargaining

Answer 16

an employee negotiates their own terms and conditions of employment directly with their employer, rather than through collective agreements made by the union

Question 17

training

define training

Answer 17

training is an ongoing process for all employees - teaching staff new skills to make them more effective within the workplace

Question 18

training

define on the job training

Answer 18

training that is carried out inside the workplace - eg learning new equipment, machinery or processes

Question 19

training

define off the job training

Answer 19

training that is carried out outside of the workplace - eg training centres, workshops

Question 20

training

define induction training

Answer 20

when staff start work, they are usually given an induction. the induction process should help workers settle into the workplace and inform them of what they need to know - eg. health and safety, tour of workplace

Question 21

training

what are the advantages and disadvantages of training staff?

Answer 21

advantages:
>increase motivation
>higher quality
>lower staff turnover

disadvantages:
>time consuming
>costly
>trained staff may leave

Question 22

training

define hierarchial structure

Answer 22

shows the internal structure of the business. makes it easy to identify specific roles and responsibilities of staff

Question 23

organisational structures

define organisational design

Answer 23

refers to a diagram or chart which shows the lines of authority and layers in the hierarchy of the business

Question 24

organisational structures

define authority

Answer 24

when a line manager has power over a subordinate.

Question 25

# organisational structures define span of control

Answer 25

the number of subordinates a line manager is responsible for

Question 26

# organisational structures define chain of command

Answer 26

the way instructions or communication gets from the top to the bottom of the hierarchy

Question 27

# organisational structures define delegation

Answer 27

a line manager assigning tasks or responsibilities to others, usually subordinates

Question 28

# organisational structures what is a decentralised structure?

Answer 28

a structure in which decision making is spread out to include more managers in the hierarchy

Question 29

# organisational structures advantages and disadvantages of a decentralised structure?

Answer 29

**advantages:** >employees are motivated when they have more responsibility and decision making power >decisions made by those closer to the problem, leading to better solutions **disadvantages:** >more difficult for top management control over the business >conflict between different areas as they may have different priorities

Question 30

# organisational structures what is a centralised structure?

Answer 30

a structure that keeps decision making at the top of the hierarchy

Question 31

adv and dis of flat/ tall/ matrix define matrix page 43 - 44

Question 32

# motivation in theory and practice define motivation

Answer 32

the way that a business can encourage its staff to give their best and work their hardest. motivation comes from the enjoyment of work / the desire to achieve goals

Question 33

# motivation in theory and practice what is taylor's theory of motivation? (scientific management)

Answer 33

>workers are lazy, can't be trusted and need monitoring, therefore if you pay them, it should increase productivity and efficiency >money motivates

Question 34

# motivation in theory and practice what is mayo's theory of motivation? (hawthorne studies)

Answer 34

>teamwork, social interactions, relationships with colleagues and managers motivates >group dynamics and team relationships play a crucial role in employee morale and productivity

Question 35

# motivation in theory and practice what is maslow's theory of motivation? (hierarchy of needs)

Answer 35

hierarchy of needs: >physiological - food, water, shelter >safety and security - job security, health and safety >social - relationships, groups, friends >esteem - achievement, respect, recognition >self actualisation - meaning, full potential, creativity, intrapreneurship

Question 36

# motivation in theory and practice what is herzberg's theory of motivation? (two factor theory)

Answer 36

hygiene: if present, causes satisfaction, if absent, causes dissatisfaction >relationship >working conditions >salary motivators: these cause motivation >personal growth >responsibility >recognition

Question 37

# motivation in theory and practice advantages of motivating staff

Answer 37

>better productivity - more work is completed by each employee - reduce unit costs or less staff are needed >happier staff - more productive / engaged in work - increase output - increase sales >lower absenteeism - save on costs - hiring temporary staff - paying for overtime >lower staff turnover - reduced costs on replacing employees - save money

Question 38

# financial and non financial incentives examples of financial motivators

Answer 38

salary piece rate pay profit related pay performance related pay commission bonus fringe benefits

Question 39

# financial and non financial incentives examples on non financial motivators

Answer 39

delegation consultation empowerment team working flexible working job enrichment job rotation job enlargement

Question 40

# leadership define leadership / to lead

Answer 40

**leadership** - person influences the behaviour or actions of other people. it represents the ability to achieve effective performance in others **to lead** - to be in charge of, to show direction, to be superior to others

Question 41

# leadership characteristics of a leader

Answer 41

determined motivator charisma empathy experience vision

Question 42

# leadership what is an autocratic leadership style?

Answer 42

the autocratic leader dominates team members and makes decisions on their own without seeking or allowing input from group members

Question 43

# leadership what is a democratic leadership style?

Answer 43

the democratic leader makes decisions by consulting a team, whilst still maintaining control of the group

Question 44

# leadership what is a paternalistic leadership style?

Answer 44

the paternalistic leader is a dominant figure who often makes all the decisions but, at the same time, treats the employees as members of a large, extended family

Question 45

# leadership what is a laissez-faire leadership style?

Answer 45

the laissez-faire leader performs a minimum of leadership functions and lets the group sort out their own roles and make their own decisions