Chapter 18: Pain Management for Childbirth

Question 1

Excessive pain increases the production of these three hormones/molecules

Answer 1

catecholamines, cortisol, glucagon

Question 2

Excessive _________________ secretion with excessive pain inhibits uterine response to oxytocin secretion, decreasing frequency and length of contractions. It also decreases blood flow to the uterus and placenta

Answer 2

catecholamine (norepinephrine, epinephrine)

Question 3

Decreased blood supply increases pain due to tissue ______________

Answer 3

ischemia

Question 4

Slow-paced breathing involves a cleansing breath at the beginning and end with a RR of ___ breaths/minute, which is ____ of the normal RR

Answer 4

9, 1/2

Question 5

Preferred breathing technique to be used for as long as possible

Answer 5

slow-paced

Question 6

Modified-paced breathing involves a cleansing breath at beginning and end with a RR that is _________ the normal RR, increasing risk for _______________.

Answer 6

double (almost), hyperventilation

Question 7

Combined breathing method combines these two breathing methods

Answer 7

slow, moderate-paced

Question 8

This type of breathing involves “hees” and “hoos” with the purpose of focusing on breathing

Answer 8

pattern-paced breathing

Question 9

In pattern-paced breathing, go up to ___ times (book) or ___ times (instructor)

Answer 9

6, 3

Question 10

Administration of narcotics for pain management may cause decreased ________________. To minimize the amount of medication that goes directly to the fetus, give narcotics at this time.

Answer 10

variability, peak of contraction

Question 11

Increased maternal CO also increases the ______________ of (pain) medications

Answer 11

metabolism

Question 12

Pain medication may (quicken, slow down) the process of labor

Answer 12

slow down

Question 13

Type of regional pain management used in the first stage of labor where a needle through a trumpet guide injects medication to numb cervix; cannot be done when fully dilated

Answer 13

regional anesthesia (paracervical anesthesia)

Question 14

Type of regional pain management in which a needle through a trumpet guide injects numbing medication into a nerve to anesthetize the lower vagina and part of the perineum; used during second stage of labor or operative vaginal birth

Answer 14

pudendal block

Question 15

Type of regional pain management in which anesthetic is delivered to the perineum just before an episiotomy (if no epidural) or suturing a laceration for numbness in that immediate area

Answer 15

local infiltration anesthesia