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Patho1 > AKI and CKD > Flashcards

AKI and CKD Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 important endocrine functions of the kidneys

A
  1. produces erythropoietin which stimulates RBC production
  2. activates vitamin D
  3. produces renin which regulates BP
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2
Q

what % of normal GFR is considered renal insufficiency?

A

25% of normal

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3
Q

what is a normal GFR?

A

> 90

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4
Q

what is usually the cause of an acute kidney injury?

A

volume loss which leads to decreased perfusion

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5
Q

what are the three classifications of acute kidney injury?

A
  1. pre renal
  2. intra renal
  3. post renal
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6
Q

what is included for a pre renal acute kidney injury?

A

volume loss

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7
Q

what is included for an intra renal acute kidney injury?

A

acute tubular necrosis from chemicals, overdose, glomerulonephritis, diabetes complications, and kidney cell death

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8
Q

what is included for post renal acute kidney injury?

A

obstruction that leads to cell death

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9
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of acute kidney injury?

A

-oliguria
-FVE
-metabolic acidosis
-HYPOnatremia
-hyperkalemia
-azotemia
-neurologic disorders

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10
Q

how soon after a hypotensive event can an acute kidney injury begin to show - how long can it last?

A

begins 1 day after, can last 1-3 weeks

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11
Q

what is ultimately the best treatment for acute kidney injury?

A

prevention and treating diseases that cause acute kidney injury

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12
Q

what is the GFR associated with stage 5 of chronic kidney disease?

A

< 15

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13
Q

what stages of chronic kidney disease typically are asymptomatic?

A

stage 1 and 2

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14
Q

what is the main manifestation of stage 5 chronic kidney disease?

A

uremic

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15
Q

what are the risk factors of chronic kidney disease?

A
  • family hx
  • CAD, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia
  • increasing age
  • male
  • black / african american
  • HTN, DM, smoking
  • overweight / obese
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16
Q

what is the clinical manifestation related to the decreased activation of vitamin D in relation to chronic kidney disease?

A

renal osteodystrophy

17
Q

what is the clinical manifestation related to the decreased production of erythropoietin in relation to chronic kidney disease?

A

anemia

18
Q

what are the clinical manifestations related to the inability to rid the body of wastes via urine in relation to chronic kidney disease?

A

anorexia ,malnutrition, itching, CNS changes

19
Q

what are the clinical manifestations related to the inability to maintain F&E homeostasis related to chronic kidney disease?

A

edema, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypermagnesemia, metabolic acidosis

20
Q

what is the best drug to fix the damage done to the kidneys during chronic kidney disease?

A

none

21
Q

with chronic kidney disease what do you want to lower the BP to?

A

less than 140/90

22
Q

what is the commonly used drug to treat volume overload associated with chronic kidney disease?

A

loop diuretics

23
Q

what type of diet is typically recommended in conjunction with loop diuretic therapy in chronic kidney disease?

A

low salt diet

24
Q

what is the commonly used drug for hyperkalemia with chronic kidney disease?

A

multiple diuretics

25
Q

what is the commonly used drug to address metabolic acidosis in the case of chronic kidney disease?

A

sodium bicarbonate

26
Q

what is the commonly used drug to address hyperphosphatemia in the case of chronic kidney disease?

A

calcium carbonate

27
Q

what is the commonly used drug to address renal osteodystrophy in the case of chronic kidney disease?

A

calcitrol

28
Q

what is the commonly used drug to address anemia in the case of chronic kidney disease?

A

erythropoietin

29
Q

what drugs should the nurse pay special attention to if the patient has impaired kidney function?

A
  • digoxin
  • glyburide, metformin
  • antibiotics like vancomycin
  • opioids like morphine

Patho1 (22 decks)

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