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Patho1 > Exam 4 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 4 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class is alendronate?

A

Bisphosphonate

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2
Q

What is the MOA of alendronate?

A

Binds permanently to surfaces of bones to inhibit osteoclast activity

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3
Q

What are the common side effects of alendronate?

A

N/V/D, esophageal ulcerations

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4
Q

What education should be given to a patient prescribed alendronate?

A

Take with small sip of water, do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking, do not take with other foods/drinks/calcium/vitamins

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5
Q

What medication class is raloxifene?

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

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6
Q

What is the MOA of raloxifene?

A

Mimics estrogen by increasing bone density and inhibits bone resorption

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7
Q

What is the indication for raloxifene?

A

Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

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8
Q

What are the side effects of raloxifene?

A

Hot flashes, leg cramping

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9
Q

What type of fractures does raloxifene reduce the risk for and by how much?

A

Spinal fractures only - 50 %

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10
Q

What does a patient need to have enough of to have raloxifene work?

A

Calcium and vitamin D

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11
Q

How long before a procedure should raloxifene be discontinued?

A

At least 72 hours

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12
Q

Does raloxifene increase or decrease clotting risk?

A

Increase

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13
Q

What is the MOA of calcitonin-salmon?

A

Inhibits bone removal by osteoclasts

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14
Q

What is the indication of calcitonin-salmon?

A

Treatment of osteoporosis

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15
Q

What is the side effect of calcitonin-salmon if given intranasally?

A

Nasal irritation

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16
Q

What type of fracture does calcitonin-salmon reduce the risk for, by how much, and how long does it take to see this?

A

Spinal fractures, by 50%, have to take for at least 5 years to see

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17
Q

What class is methotrexate?

A

DMARD

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18
Q

What is the MOA of methotrexate?

A

Acts as an immunosppressive

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19
Q

What are the side effects of methotrexate?

A

N/V, bone marrow suppression

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20
Q

Methotrexate is a first line therapy - true or false?

A

True

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21
Q

What supplement can you anticipate taking while on methotrexate?

A

Folate

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22
Q

What labs should the nurse monitor for a patient on methtrexate?

A

Liver enzymes, WBC, RBC

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23
Q

What are the major contraindications of methotrexate?

A

Kidney and liver disease
Pregnancy - this is extremely teratogenic

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24
Q

What is the concern of taking NSAIDS with methotrexate?

A

Aplastic anemia

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25
Q

What class is hydroxychloroquine?

A

Anti-rheumatic, antimalarial

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26
Q

What is the MOA of hydroxychloroquine?

A

Unknown but does have anti-inflammatory processes like decreased macrophage, T-helped cells, and inflammatory cytokine activity

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27
Q

What are the side effects of hydroxychloroquine?

A

Rare - retinopathy (encourage reporting vision changes)

28
Q

What medication is commonly used with hydroxychloroquine?

A

Methotrexate for early or mid level RA

29
Q

What class is allopurinol?

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

30
Q

What is the MOA of allopurinol?

A

Inhibits the xanthine enzyme which prevents uric acid production

31
Q

What are the indications of allopurinol?

A

Prophylactic for patients whose gout is related to hyperuricemia

32
Q

What are the side effects of allopurinol?

A

Agranulocytosis = worried about infection
aplastic anemia
can cause steven johnson syndrome

33
Q

How can allopurinol affect glucose?

A

Can make the patient hypoglycemia

34
Q

How does allopurinol affect INR?

A

Can increase INR with warfarin

35
Q

What labs are important to monitor while taking allopurinol?

A

WBC, CBC

36
Q

What is the MOA of colchicine?

A

Reduces inflammatory response to the deposits of urate crystals in the joints

37
Q

What are the indications for colchicine?

A

Gout flares and prophylaxis

38
Q

What are the side effects of colchicine?

A

GI bleeding and urinary bleeding

39
Q

Colchicine is a first line therapy - true or false?

A

False, it is a second line therapy

40
Q

How can colchicine affect the bone marrow?

A

Can suppress it and cause short term leukopenia

41
Q

What are the contraindications for colchicine?

A

Anybody with severe renal, GI, hepatic, or cardiac / bleeding disorders

42
Q

What class is probenecid?

A

Uricosuric agent

43
Q

What is the MOA of probenecid?

A

Inhibits resorption of uric acid in the kidney and promotes the excretion of it

44
Q

What is the indication of probenecid?

A

Treats hyperuricemia with gout

45
Q

What are the side effects of probenecid?

A

GI upset, dizziness, headache, liver impairment, many drug drug interations

46
Q

What is probenecid usually used in combination with?

A

Allopurinol

47
Q

What is the MOA of cytotoxic agents?

A

Disrupts DNA synthesis and mitosis

48
Q

What type of growth fraction does cytotoxic agents work the best against?

A

High cell growth fraction

49
Q

How are cytotoxic agents usually given?

A

Through a CVC

50
Q

What class is cylcophosphamide?

A

Alkylating agent

51
Q

What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide?

A

Disrupts DNA synthesis and mitosis

52
Q

What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide?

A

Normal chemo SE + vesicant, hemorrhagic cystitis, sterility, discoloration of skin and nails

53
Q

Is cyclophosphamide cell cycle specific or non-specific?

A

Non specific

54
Q

When methotrexate is used against leukemia and some lymphomas is it cell cycle specific or non-specific?

A

Specific, usually S phase

55
Q

What class is methotrexate when being used for leukemia and some lymphomas?

A

Antimetabolite

56
Q

What class is doxorubicin?

A

Anti tumor antibiotic

57
Q

What is the MOA of doxorubicin?

A

Disrupts DNA synthesis and mitosis

58
Q

What are the side effects of doxorubicin?

A

Normal chemo SE + cardiotoxic
Can have acute or delayed reactions
Harmless red color to urine and sweat

58
Q

What are the side effects of vincristine?

A

No bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, vesicant

58
Q

What is the MOA of vincristine?

A

Disrupts cell DNA and mitosis

58
Q

Is doxorubicin cell cycle specific or non-specific?

A

Non specific

58
Q

What is the class of vincristine?

A

Mitotic inhibitors - vinca alkaloids

59
Q

Is viscristine cell cycle specific or non-specific?

A

Specific - usually M

60
Q

Which route is preferred with promethazine?

A

IVPB

61
Q

What is the MOA of biologics as chemo?

A

Uses the body’s immune system to kill cancer cells

62
Q

What are the side effects of biologics?

A

Pain, swelling, soreness, flu-like symptoms, weight gain, diarrhea, increased risk for infection

Patho1 (22 decks)

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