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GCSE Geography case studies > The Amazon Rainforest > Flashcards

The Amazon Rainforest Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the Amazon is in Brazil?

A

50%

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2
Q

What is Brazils world ranking for size?

A

5th

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3
Q

What other countries is the Amazon in?

A

Peru, Columbia, and Northern Bolivia

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4
Q

How much of the planets surface is covered by the Amazon?

A

1%

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5
Q

What percentage of the world wildlife species are in the Amazon?

A

10%

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6
Q

What does the Amazon contribute 10% to globally?

A

Terrestrial productivity and carbon stores in ecosystems

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7
Q

What are the main drivers of deforestation in the Amazon?

A

Land use change for other activities and use of its resources

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8
Q

How much of the Amazon rainforest was destroyed between August 2017 and July 2018?

A

7,900 sq km

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9
Q

What percentage of deforestation is caused by cattle ranching?

A

80%

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10
Q

Why is forest cleared for cattle ranching?

A

For grasslands and pastures for cattle grazing, or in the prospect to sell to ranchers and farmers

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11
Q

Why is cattle ranching becoming a more lucrative industry?

A

The global demand for beef is increasing as the countries become more affluent

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12
Q

What percentage of deforestation is caused by commercial farming?

A

10%

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13
Q

What are the main crops being cleared for commercial farming?

A

Palm oil, sugar cane, coffee and soybean

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14
Q

Why did soybean deforestation double between 1990 and 2010?

A

Brazilian scientists invented a new soybean that grows well in tropical climates

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15
Q

What percentage of deforestation is caused by subsistence farming?

A

5%

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16
Q

Who traditionally used slash and burn farming?

A

Indigenous people

17
Q

What percentage of deforestation is caused by logging?

A

3%

18
Q

What tree species are taken through selective logging?

A

Mahogany and teak

19
Q

What are the causes for the other 2% of deforestation?

A

-road building
-mineral extraction
-energy development
-settlement and population

20
Q

What did a 2013 study on mineral extraction in the Amazon find?

A

Small scale gold mining increased 400% in 13years

21
Q

How do dams drive deforestation today?

A

By powering industrial mining and farming projects

22
Q

How many sqm of forest did the Balbina dam flood?

A

2,400sq km

23
Q

How did the Brazilian government encourage population distribution from crowded cities?

A

They granted plots of land to farm and home for those that help construct roads and other infrastructure

24
Q

What are the two global impacts of deforestation?

A

Climate change and global warming, Loss of biodiversity

25
Q

How much of the worlds land based carbon is stored in rainforests?

A

20%

26
Q

What percent of carbon emissions is contributed by world wide deforestation?

A

10%

27
Q

What percentage of all wildlife species we know is the amazon home to?

A

10%

28
Q

What are scientists saying that deforestation at its current rate will cause in relation to species loss?

A

That it will equal to or be many times greater than those associated with the 5 historical mass extinctions

29
Q

What are the local and regional impacts of deforestation?

A

Economic development and soil erosion

30
Q

What does deforestation offer to the local economy?

A

Jobs and income

31
Q

What does eroded soil that flow into rivers and the silt cause?

A

-affect fish reproduction, harming fisheries
-HEP can become less efficient
-industry can suffer due to a lack of water or polluted water

32
Q

What are the knock on effects of soil erosion?

A

The top soil is washed way, removing nutrients through leaching, making it harder for the rainforest to regrow

33
Q

local techniques for forest management:

A

-agroforestry
-ecotourism

34
Q

national techniques for forest management:

A

-selective logging
-afforestation

35
Q

international techniques for forest management:

A

-international agreements
-debt reduction

36
Q

example of debt reduction:

A

2010, USA converted $13.5 mil to funds for forest conservation

37
Q

example of an international agreement:

A

FSC approves sustainable wood sources

GCSE Geography case studies (20 decks)

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