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GCSE Geography case studies > Nigeria > Flashcards

Nigeria Flashcards

1
Q

What are Nigeria’s bordering countries?

A

Benin, Chad, Niger, and Cameroon

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2
Q

What part of Africa is Nigeria located in ?

A

north-West Africa

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3
Q

Why is Nigeria’s geo location advantageous?

A

-has access to the sea for trading
-central location with access to many trading partners
-size means it covers a variety of environments allowing a range of crops to be grown

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4
Q

Why is Nigeria’s geo location disadvantageous?

A

prone to flooding in the South and drought in the North

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5
Q

What is Nigeria currently 7th globally for?

A

population

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6
Q

What is Nigeria’s predicted population growth?

A

191 million to 390 million

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7
Q

Why is a large growing population good?

A

creates a large geographic dividend

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8
Q

When did Nigeria gain independence from Britain?

A

in 1960

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9
Q

What happened post independence?

A

conflict between ethnic groups as each group looked to take control of power due to sharp cultural and political differences

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10
Q

After what is democracy established?

A

a number of civil wars and conflict

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11
Q

What developed to hinder the functioning of the government?

A

corruption

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12
Q

What do ethnic groups fight over in the South?

A

oil

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13
Q

What do the Islamic terrorist group Boko Haram use to recruit?

A

the inequality seen in the North

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14
Q

What have Boko Harams bombings and kidnappings caused?

A

fear resulting in 2.4m people being displaced

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15
Q

How many different ethnic groups does Nigeria have?

A

500

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16
Q

What are the main ethnic groups in Nigeria and their percentages?

A

Yoruba(21%),Hausa and Fulani(29%), and Igbo(18)

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17
Q

What are Yoruba and Igbo mainly?

A

Christian and found in the South

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18
Q

What religion do most Hausa and Fulani practice?

A

islam

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19
Q

Where are most Hausa and Fulani residing?

A

in the North

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20
Q

What has rapid rural-urban migration caused?

A

caused some traditional tribal differences to be broken down

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21
Q

What is the negative impact of rural-urban migration on tribal differences?

A

conflict still exists which means investment could be discouraged

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22
Q

What does Nigeria’s wide range of natural environments form?

A

a series of bands across the country from W-E

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23
Q

What is the trend in rainfall from south to North

A

rainfall decreases

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24
Q

What is an environmental characteristic of the North of Nigeria?

A

arid

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25
Q

What does short grass savanna in North support?

A

pastoral livestock

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26
Q

What are the environmental characteristics of the South of Nigeria?

A

High temperatures and high annual rainfall; similar to a rainforest climate

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27
Q

What type of crops are grown in the South?

A

cash crops such as cocoa, rubber and palm oil

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28
Q

What type of crops are grown in the North?

A

peanuts

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29
Q

What is the Niger Delta region rich in?

A

oil and natural gas

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30
Q

How much of the GDP is produced from oil and natural gas?

A

over 14%

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31
Q

What are some of the disadvantages of the oil abundance?

A

-battle for control of the region amongst ethnic groups
-locals being forced of the land by the industry
-an increase in piracy and oil spills damaging the coastal ecosystems
-contribution to global warming

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32
Q

What percentage of global malaria deaths does Nigeria account for?

A

19%

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33
Q

What is Nigeria’s GNI?

A

$364bn

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34
Q

What is Nigeria’s economy predicted to be worth in 2050?

A

US$4.9tn

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35
Q

How has Nigeria’s industrial structure changed since 2000?

A

primary industry has fallen from 70-30%
tertiary sector has grown from 20-50%

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36
Q

What percentage of people live on less than $1.90 a day?

A

53.5%

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37
Q

What percentage of Nigeria’s economy is made up of agriculture?

A

20

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38
Q

How many industrial plants does Nigeria have?

A

5000

39
Q

How many illegal small scale industries does Nigeria have?

A

10,000

40
Q

What environmental impacts has unregulated growth had?

A

-pollution of nearby land and rivers as toxic waste is dumped or leaked
-harmful pollutants go into open drains putting people and ecosystems at risk
-breathing and lung problems come from a huge number of fumes

41
Q

What has economic growth allowed for?

A

investment in some areas of agriculture with fertilisers and pesticides used to increase yield

42
Q

Why do companies and countries not see Nigeria as a stable place to invest?

A

due to the terrorist threat of Boko Haram

43
Q

What are Nigeria’s main exports?

A

crude and refined petroleum, natural gas, rubber cocoa, and cotton

44
Q

Where do 50% of Nigeria’s exports go?

A

Europe

45
Q

What is one of Nigeria’s fastest growing imports?

A

telephones

46
Q

What is Nigeria’s rank globally for number of mobile phones owned?

A

7th

47
Q

Who is Nigeria’s biggest customer for crude oil?

A

India

48
Q

How as crude oil exports changed from 2013 to 2014?

A

increased by 40%

49
Q

How could Nigeria lose out in trading partnerships?

A

as it is more profitable to sell high value goods than raw materials

50
Q

How has China formed a close relationship with Nigeria?

A

By investing in its infrastructure such as as a US$12bn railway on the coast

51
Q

What political groups are Nigeria part of?

A

OPEC and African Union

52
Q

What does OPEC stand for?

A

Organisation of Petroleum exporting countries

53
Q

What is the advantage of being part of OPEC?

A

Nigeria can determine oil prices and levels of production for it benefit

54
Q

What is the advantage of being part of the African Union?

A

it can work together with other African nations for a more prosperous future

55
Q

What does TNC stand for?

A

Trans National Corporation

56
Q

What is typical of a TNC?

A

to have its headquarters in a HIC and its production plants in NEE/LICs

57
Q

How many TNCs are there in Nigeria?

A

40

58
Q

Examples of TNCs in Nigeria

A

Unilever and KFC

59
Q

When was oil discovered in the Niger Delta?

A

in 1958

60
Q

What is an advantage of a TNC tax revenue?

A

tax revenue can be spent by the government on services which can aid development

61
Q

What is an advantage of a TNC markets?

A

wealthier market stimulates growth in other sectors as more people become consumers

62
Q

How many oil related jobs have been created in Nigeria?

A

250,000

63
Q

What is an advantage of TNCs jobs?

A

multiplier effect means jobs are created in other industries

64
Q

What is an advantage of TNCs on industries?

A

more FDI as more companies attracted by growing economy

65
Q

What is an advantage of TNCs infrastructure?

A

can provide new infrastructure that helps economic development

66
Q

What are the disadvantages of TNCs?

A

-large proportion of profits go back to HIC where headquarters are located
-oil infrastructure has been a focus for terrorist action
-created divides between tribal groups
-oil spills have damaged the local ecosystems as local laws are too weak or not enforced
-TNCs are footloose meaning they can withdraw investment if the are a becomes difficult or unprofitable
-employees often work long hours for low wages

67
Q

What has Shell been accused of?

A

human rights abuses against the Ogoni people

68
Q

How has Nigeria’s HDI improved from 2005 to 2017?

A

increased from 0.465 to 0.532, a 14% increase

69
Q

How has life expectancy increased in Nigeria from 2005 to 2017?

A

from 49 to 54

70
Q

How has GNI per capita increased in Nigeria?

A

from $3830 to $5680

71
Q

What has increased national wealth lead to?

A

investments in healthcare and education

72
Q

What has been a major factor in holding back economic development?

A

corruption

73
Q

What was oil wealth not used to do?

A

to diversify the economy

74
Q

What could be a problem in the future?

A

Nigeria’s dependence on oil

75
Q

How is the inequality gap widend?

A

tax revenue often does not reach the population

76
Q

How many Nigerian tried to enter the EU in 2017?

A

18,000

77
Q

What two types can aid be divided into?

A

Official Overseas Assistance and Voluntary Aid given by NGOs

78
Q

What two groups can ODA be split into?

A

multilateral aid and bilateral aid

79
Q

Definition of multilateral aid:

A

given by a donor country to an organisation and then redistributed to the recipient country

80
Q

Advantage of multilateral aid

A

can be distributed more fairly based on need

81
Q

Disadvantage of multilateral aid

A

sometimes the stream of money means the country become dependent on aid rather that finding its own path

82
Q

Definition of bilateral aid

A

aid given directly from one country to another

83
Q

Disadvantage of bilateral aid

A

sometimes it is tied ais which means there may be conditions making the recipient buy good or services for aid. This therefore really benefits the donor

84
Q

What two groups can voluntary aid be split into?

A

Short term aid and long term aid

85
Q

Definition of short term aid

A

given to cope with immediate problems like natural disasters or war

86
Q

Advantage of short term aid

A

can provide people with basic needs such as food an water

87
Q

Disadvantage of short term aid

A

can dry up when HIC economies suffer slow down, and when it eventually disappears, people must fend for themselves

88
Q

Definition of Long term development

A

Given to cope with long term problems by providing local communities with education and skills for development

89
Q

Advantage of long term development

A

builds resilience in communities and is sustainable

90
Q

Disadvantage of long term aid

A

if aid is not directed properly it can have long term consequences

91
Q

How many mosquito nets where donated by the world Bank?

A

60m

92
Q

What type of programme did the UK government fun?

A

health and HIV programme providing health education in rural areas

93
Q

How many people did the UN World Food Programme provide food to and why?

A

40,000 people in Northern Nigeria due to conflict with Boko Haram

94
Q

What has China provided Nigeria with and against who?

A

arms, and training to Nigerian forces against Boko Haram

GCSE Geography case studies (20 decks)

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