Chapter 7 (Introduction to the Skeletal System)

Question 1

The two types of bones are ___ and ___

Answer 1

compact
spongy

Question 2

Compact bone is also known as ___ bone, which is the ____ layer that contains lots of ___

Answer 2

cortical
outside
crystals

Question 3

Spongy bone is also known as ___ or ___ and it is the ___ layer

Answer 3

cancellous
trabecular
inside

Question 4

There are ___ classifications of bones, which are ___

Answer 4

4

1)short
2)long
3)flat
4)irregular

Question 5

There are __ types of bone marrow which are ___

Answer 5

2
red
yellow(lipidocous)

Question 6

Osteum means ___

Answer 6

bone

Question 7

Hematopoiesis is the __

Answer 7

the creation of white and red blood in red bone marrow

Question 8

Bones store ___ and ___

Answer 8

calcium
Phosphate

Question 9

The Epiphyseal line is in the _ region

Answer 9

Metaphysics

Question 10

The medullary cavity is in ____ where the bone marrow is

Answer 10

long bones

Question 11

Hyaline cartilage is also known as the __ point. This is the type of cartilage that looks like ___

Answer 11

articulation
jelly beans floating in the matrix

Question 12

Fibrocartilage is cartilage between your ____

Answer 12

vertebra

Question 13

____ is the primary component of bones

Answer 13

Bone connective tissue

Question 14

There are ___ types of bone connective tissue, they are ___

Answer 14

4

1) Osteoprogenitor cells
2)Osteoblasts
3)Osteocytes
4)Osteoclasts

Question 15

Ossify means __

Answer 15

to become bone

Question 16

Bones are highly ___

Answer 16

vascularized

Question 17

A foramen is a ___

Answer 17

hole where vascularity leaves/enter bones

Question 18

Hydroxyapetite are __

Answer 18

crystals in bones

Question 19

Osteos are the ____ in bones, whereas osteocytes are the former ___ that are concentric to the osteons.

Answer 19

black circles
osteocytes

Question 20

Osteoprogenitor cells ____. They also mature into ___

Answer 20

make more bone cells
mature into osteocytes

Question 21

Osteoblasts ____. These can turn into _____.

Answer 21

make organic parts/fibers/matrix
osteocytes

Question 22

Osteocytes maintain ___, signal __, put ___down, and talk

Answer 22

matrix
osteoclasts
crystals
via canaliculi canal

Question 23

Osteocytes are cells __ bone and they ___ cell.

Answer 23

in
maintain

Question 24

Osteoclasts (clasts crack!! they receive orders from osteocytes) release _____ to ____ bone so that you can remodel. They also release ___ cells which break down proteins

Answer 24

hydrochloric acid (also calcium)
dissolve
proteolytic

Question 25

There are __ types of canals in bones. They are ___

Answer 25

3
Central canal (parellel)
Perforating canal (perpendicular)
canalicult canal (in the osteons?)

Question 26

There are two types of lamellae which are ___

Answer 26

circumstitial (around circumference)
interstitial (in osteons)

Question 27

There are ___ types of bone growth which are

Answer 27

1) Interstitial growth
2)appositional growth
3)Ossification

Question 28

Interstitial growth is on __ cartilage which is ___ growth. This is on bones that make them grow in ___

Answer 28

hyaline
inside
length

Question 29

Appositional growth is ___cartilage that grows ____ and it grows in __

Answer 29

hyaline
outside
width

Question 30

There are types of ossification which are ___

Answer 30

1) Intramembranous (within a membrane)
2) Endrochondral (babies hyaline cartilage developing)

Question 31

Hormones are ___

Answer 31

molecules released from cells into the bloodstream

Question 32

Hormones that influence bone growth are ___

Answer 32

1)Estrogen and testosterone
2) Growth hormone
3)thyroid hormone
4)glucocorticoids (steriod hormones)
5)serotonin (neurotransmitter and hormone)

Question 33

There are __ things that regulate blood calcium. They are ___

Answer 33

1)calcitriol (increases calcium)
2)Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (removes calcium from the blood
3) Vitamin D
4)Calcitonin (causes calcium to go into your bones)

Question 34

The effects of againg are ___(3)

Answer 34

1) decreased tensile strength
2) loss of calcium and minerals (known as osteopenia)
3) Osteoporosis (reduced bone mass…makes your bones porous)

Question 35

The four main types of bone fractures are ___

Answer 35

1)stress
2)pathologic
3)simple (broken bone not penetrating skin)
4)compound (one or both ends of the bones pierce the skin)

Question 36

The four stages of bone repairing are ___

Answer 36

1)fracture hematoma
2)fibrocartilaginous callus forms
3)a hard bony callus forms
4)the bone is remodeled