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Anatomy and Physiology (BIOL109 MCC) > Practice Quiz Unit 3 > Flashcards

Practice Quiz Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

According to Ohm’s law, current is

A

directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

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2
Q

The connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles) of axons is the

A

perineurium

(NOT epineurium)

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3
Q

The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the

A

oligodendrocyte

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4
Q

The type of neuronal circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron is a _____________ circuit.

A

converging

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5
Q

The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called

A

sulci.

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6
Q

The medulla oblongata contains a cardiac center and a medullary respiratory center.

A

true

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7
Q

What is the name of the brainstem sensory area that contains axons that project to the cerebral cortex to arouse us from sleep?

A

Reticular activating system

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8
Q

The cerebral cortex consists of ______ matter.

A

gray

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve is composed of only motor fibers?

A

VI

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10
Q

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the

A

posterior root ganglion.

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11
Q

What is the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A

Filum terminale

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12
Q

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.

A

withdrawal

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13
Q

The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus

A

medullaris

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14
Q

The inferior tip of the spinal cord is the ___________ part.

A

coccygeal

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15
Q

Which divisionfunctions to increase alertness and direct bodily responses in stressful situations?

A

Sympathetic

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16
Q

Which type of innervation causes the heart rate to increase?

A

Sympathetic

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17
Q

Neuronal ___ occurs when axons from numerous preganglionic cells synapse on a single ganglionic cell.

A

convergence

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18
Q

The “fight-or-flight” system is the ___ nervous system.

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

These receptors respond to changes in temperature.

A

Thermoreceptors

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20
Q

Phototransduction is the process in which

A

photoreceptors convert light energy to changes in membrane potential.

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21
Q

Our ability to precisely locate a stimulus is ___ proportional to receptive field size.

A

inversely

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22
Q

A receptor that is wrapped in connective tissue is referred to as being

A

encapsulated

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23
Q

Distortion of hair cells in the cochlea causes

A

initiation of action potentials in CN VIII

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24
Q

The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to

A

the high lipid content of the myelin sheath

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25
Q

A mixed nerve is one that contains both

A

sensory and motor neurons.

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26
Q

The type of neuronal circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron is a _____________ circuit.

A

converging

27
Q

Conductive activity in a neuron generally causes it to secrete

A

a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

28
Q

Generally, the left cerebral hemisphere issues motor commands for the right side of the body.

A

true

29
Q

Which structure serves as the main relay point for sensory information that is headed to a primary sensory region of the cerebral cortex?

A

Thalamus

30
Q

The type of glial cell that plays a critical role in the formation of CSF is the ___ cell

A

ependymal

31
Q

Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

32
Q

Which secondary brain vesicle forms the portion of the adult brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon

33
Q

The deepest and most delicate of the meninges, adhered directly to the spinal cord, consists of elastic and collagen fibers. It is called the

A

pia mater.

34
Q

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.

A

withdrawal

35
Q

The most inferior spinal nerve is

A

Co1.

36
Q

Motor pathways are _________ tracts that control _________.

A

descending; effectors

37
Q

The _______ nuclei within the gray matter of the spinal cord send nerve impulses to skeletal muscles.

A

somatic motor

38
Q

In the stress response, the process by which many structures are activated simultaneously is known as ___ activation.

A

mass

39
Q

White rami appear white in color due to the fact that they are

A

myelinated

40
Q

Which division functions to increase alertness and direct bodily responses in stressful situations?

A

Sympathetic

41
Q

Which division functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

A

Parasympathetic

42
Q

These receptors respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.

A

Mechanoreceptors

43
Q

By definition, transducers

A

change one form of energy into another form.

44
Q

The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the

A

vitreous humor.

45
Q

The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the _____ conjunctiva.

A

palpebral

46
Q

Sharp, color vision is a result of the function of

A

cones.

47
Q

The function of myelin is to

A

produce faster nerve impulse propagation.

48
Q

A nerve

A

is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons

49
Q

The type of neuronal circuit that spreads information from one presynaptic neuron to several postsynaptic neurons is a _____________ circuit.

A

diverging

50
Q

The main way acetylcholine is cleared from a synapse is by

A

degradation by an enzyme

51
Q

Association tracts

A

connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

52
Q

The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called

A

sulci

53
Q

The ______ hemisphere is known for its involvement in categorization, symbolization, and analytical reasoning.

A

left

54
Q

The cranial nerve that innervates smooth muscle and glands of the heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, and most abdominal organs is the ___________ nerve.

A

vagus

55
Q

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the

A

posterior root ganglion.

56
Q

The nerves projecting inferiorly from the spinal cord are collectively called the

A

cauda equina.

57
Q

Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system

A

can either excite or inhibit effector organs.

58
Q

The centers for cardiac, digestive, and vasomotor functions are housed within the

A

brainstem.

59
Q

When ACh binds to nicotinic receptors, it

A

always produces an excitatory response.

60
Q

The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the _____ conjunctiva.

A

palpebral

61
Q

A receptor that is wrapped in connective tissue is referred to as being ___

A

encapsulated

62
Q

Which sequence correctly traces the pathway of aqueous humor in the eye?

a: Aqueous humor is secreted by epithelial ciliary cells.

b: Aqueous humor is released into the posterior chamber.

c: Aqueous humor is drained into the scleral venous sinus.

d: Aqueous humor washes over the lens and then passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber.

A

a, b, d, c

63
Q

Which photoreceptor cells are more numerous?

A

Rods

64
Q

These receptors detect specific molecules in our external and internal environments.

A

Chemoreceptors

Anatomy and Physiology (BIOL109 MCC) (18 decks)

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