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Bio 1102 > Animal Diversity > Flashcards

Animal Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five characteristics of animals?

A

1.Multicellularity
2. Heterotrophy
3. No cell walls
4. Movement (in most)
5. Sexual reproduction (Diplontic life cycle)

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2
Q

What are the five evolutionary trends and innovations?

A
  1. Symmetry
  2. Tissues
  3. Body cavity
  4. Patterns of embryonic development
  5. Segmentation
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3
Q

What are the three types of symmetry?

A
  1. Asymmetry
  2. Radial symmetry
  3. Bilateral symmetry
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4
Q

What are the three trends and innovations of tissues?

A
  1. Lack defined tissues
  2. Tissue level organization
  3. Organ systems
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5
Q

What are the three types of body cavities?

A
  1. Acoelomate
  2. Psuedocoelomate
  3. Coelomate
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6
Q

In embryonic development the blastospore in protostomes becomes what? What type of cleavage does it have?

A

Becomes the mouth and it has spiral cleavage

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7
Q

In embryonic development the blastospore in deuterostomesbecomes what? What type of cleavage does it have?

A

Becomes the anus and it has radial cleavage.

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8
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Linear repetition of parts.

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9
Q

Multicellular animal phyla are divided into what two main branches?

A

Sponges and Eumetazoa

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10
Q

What are five characteristics of sponges?

A
  1. Asymmetry
  2. No true tissues
  3. Have totipotent cells that can change into any of their cell types.
  4. No body cavity
  5. Filter feeders
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11
Q

What are some characteristics of Eumetazoa?

A
  1. Have true tissues
  2. Three embryonic cell layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)
    3.Have true body symmetry (radial or bilateral)
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12
Q

What is the ectoderm?

A

Outer layer of the cell. Becomes epidermis and nervous system.

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13
Q

What is the endoderm?

A

Inner layer of cell. Develops into digestive tissue (gastroderm).

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14
Q

What is the mesoderm?

A

Layer in the cell between endoderm and ectoderm, develops into muscles. Found only in Bilateria.

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15
Q

What are some characteristics of Ctenophora?

A
  1. Likely most basal Eumetazoan
  2. Maybe Diploblastic
  3. Kind of have radial symmetry
  4. Complete 1-way gut
  5. 8 rows of comb like cilia
  6. Largest animal to use cilia to move
  7. Many bioluminescent
  8. 2 tentacles cover with colloblasts
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16
Q

What are some characteristics of Cnidaria?

A
  1. Diploblastic
  2. Incomplete 2-way gut
  3. Radial symmetry
  4. Most marine, some freshwater
  5. Completely carnivorous
  6. Nemacytosis-stinging cells unique to this group
17
Q

Cnidaria come in what two basic body forms?

A
  1. Polyps-cylindrical, sessile
  2. Medusa- umbrella, mobile
18
Q

What are some characteristics of Cnidaria-Anthozoa?

A
  1. Sea anemones and corals
  2. Lack medusa stage
  3. Corals and colonial
  4. Individual polyps are clones
  5. Anemones are solitary
19
Q

What are some characteristics of Cnidaria-Scyphazoa?

A
  1. Jellyfish
  2. Medusa stage dominant
  3. Sexual reproduction by male and female medusae
  4. Polyp phase undergoes asexual reproduction of medusae by strobilization
20
Q

What are some characteristics of Cnidaria-Hydrozoa?

A
  1. Hydras, Portuguese man-o-war, and others
  2. Polyp stage dominant
  3. Only group with freshwater members
  4. Some solitary most colonial

Bio 1102 (20 decks)

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