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Chapter 2 Sociology > Topic 5- The Role on Education in Society > Flashcards

Topic 5- The Role on Education in Society Flashcards

1
Q

what is a value consensus

A

the need for societies to have a common set of beliefs and principles to work with and towards

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2
Q

explain functionalism

A

view that society is a system of interdependent parts held together by a shared culture or value consensus. believes society needs many functions to maintain it.

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3
Q

2 main functions of education Durkheim identified

A

social solidarity
specialist skills

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4
Q

social solidarity

2 points

A

in a society every individual should feel like they belong in one community
without it, social life and cooperation cannot occur as people would pursue their selfish desires

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5
Q

how does the education system help create social solidarity?

2 points

A

transmitting society’s culture from one generation to the next
teaching the county’s history creates a sense of shared heritage and commitment to a wider social group

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6
Q

how does school act as a ‘society in miniature’?

2 points

A

at school and work we have to communicate with those who aren’t friends and family
in school and work you have to work to rules that apply to everyone

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7
Q

specialist skills

2 points

A

education teaches individuals the specialist skills they need to play their part in the division of labour
as in industries there is a complex division of labour that involves specialists who have the necessary knowledge and skills to fulfil the role

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8
Q

what was parson’s perspective on education?

A

meritocratic

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9
Q

who viewed the education system as meritocratic?

A

parson’s

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10
Q

what does parson’s say about education?

A

school provides a bridge between society and family

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11
Q

what are particularistic standards+ where you are judged on them?

A

rules that only apply to a particular child

family

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12
Q

what are universalistic standards+ where you are judged on them?

A

rules that apply to everyone like the law

all society

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13
Q

what is believed about a person’s status?

A

achieved not ascribed

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14
Q

general belief about meritocracy in society

A

everyone is given an equal opportunity and an individual receives rewards through their ability and effort.

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15
Q

who sees education as role allocation?

A

Davis and Moore

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16
Q

what did Davis and Moore see education as?

A

role allocation

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17
Q

what is role allocation in education?

A

schools ensure that the most important roles in society are filled by people who are most suited/talented for the job, creates a social hierarchy

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18
Q

criticism on specialised skills

A

wolf review of vocational education claims that high quality apprenticships are rare and 1/3 of 16-19 year olds are on courses that don’t lead to good jobs/higher education

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19
Q
A
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

difference between functionalist and marxist views on education

A

functionalists- see education as a process that instils the values of society
marxists- education in a capitalist environment only transmits the ideology of a minority- the ruling class

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22
Q

what do neoliberals and new right argue about the education system?

A

it fails to prepare the young people for work

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23
Q

what is the main idea that neoliberals have about what governments should do? (3 points)

A

encourage competition
privatise state run businesses
deregulate markets

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24
Q

what do neoliberals argue about the value of education?

A

lies in how well a country can compete in the global marketplace

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25
Q

how can education competing in a global marketplace be achieved?

A

if schools act like businesses
use competition between schools
empowering parents and pupils

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26
Q

what political view are The New Right?

A

conservative

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27
Q

what is a centre belief of The New Right ?

A

the state cannot meet people’s needs and people are best left to meet their own needs through the free market

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28
Q

what do the New Right favour about education?

A

marketisation of education

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29
Q

3 similarities between New Right views and functionalist views

A

both believe:
-some people are more naturally talented than others
- favour a meritocratic education system and one that prepares you for work
- education should socialise pupils into shared values

30
Q

difference between New Right and functionalist belief on education?

A

New Right don’t believe that the current education system is achieving the goals they share as it is run by the state

31
Q

explain the New Right belief that state schools give a ‘one size fits all’ approach

A

encourages uniformity and disregards needs.
they get inefficient and unresponsive
creates lower student standards so performance decreases

32
Q

what is the New Right’s proposed solution to educational problems?

A

marketisation

33
Q

what do The New Right believe competition between schools create? (3 points)

A

bring greater diversity
more choice and efficiency in schools
increase schools’ ability to meet the needs of others

34
Q

who are two people with the New Right Perspective?

A

chubb and moe

35
Q

what do chubb and moe say about why the state run education has failed? (4 points)

A

not created equal opportunity
failed disadvantaged groups
fails to produce pupils with skills needed
private schools answer to paying consumers so are higher quality

36
Q

what did Chubb and Moe find in their study on low income families and achievements?

A

pupils from low income families consistently do 5% better in private schools than state schools

37
Q

who are the 3 main functionalists in education?

A
  • durkheim
  • parsons
  • davis and moore
38
Q

what are the other words for working and capitalist class?

A

proletariat and bourgeoisie

39
Q

who believed in the two class system?

A

marx

40
Q

what were the 2 apparatuses that althusser believed kept the bourgeoisie in power?

A
  • repressive state apparatuses
  • ideological state apparatuses
41
Q

who believed in the ISAs and RSAs?

A

althusser

42
Q

what do the RSAs include?

3 things

A
  • police
  • courts
  • army
43
Q

what do the ISAs control?

A

people’s:
* beliefs
* ideas
* values

44
Q

what are 2 things that althusser believes education does to class inequality?

A
  • reproduces
  • legitimates
45
Q

from althussers POV, how does education reproduce class inequality?

A

by transmitting it from one generation to the next by failing the next working class pupils in turn

46
Q

from althussers POV, how does education legitimise class inequality?

A

by producing ideologies that disguise its true cause as the function of ideologies is to force workers to accept that inequality is inevitable

47
Q

what do Bowles and Gintis believe the role of education system is for?

A

reproducing an obedient workforce that will accept that inequality is inevitable

48
Q

what was the study on education that Bowles and Gintis did+their conclusions

what schools did
high grades- personality
low grades-

how many

A
  • studied 237 highschool students in NYC
  • schools reward those who have the personality traits as a submissive worker
  • those who got higher grades were generally obedient and disciplined
  • those who got low grades were creative and independent
  • therefore education produced obedient workers for capitalism
49
Q

what is the term for the parallels between the school and workforce and who refers to them?

A
  • bowles and gintis
  • correspondence principle
50
Q

give 3 points how school reflects work in a capitalist society

4 options given

A
  • hierarchy among teachers> hierarchy of authority (managers supervisors workers)
  • alienation (students cant choose what to study)> alienation (managers decide what and how to produce something)
  • extrinsic satisfaction (from grades)>extrinsic satisfaction (from pay)
  • competition and division (top of the class- go to top set)> competition and division (status and pay)
51
Q

do bowles and gintis believe in meritocracy?

A

no

52
Q

what do bowles and gintis argue instead of meritocracy?

A
  • they don’t believe people have an equal chance
  • due to factors like social class, ethnicity and gender
  • education therefore reproduces the inequalities that are shown in society
53
Q

despite Willis being a marxist what approach did he take when he researched pupils resisting brainwashing?

A

interactionist

54
Q
A
55
Q

what were the two groups identified at school from Willis’ 1977 study?

A
  • the lads
  • the ear’oles
56
Q

what are 2 things that willis did not find after his study?

A
  • did not find a simple correlation between education and the workplace
  • did not find that the lads were shaped by the educational system
57
Q

what culture did the lads create?

A

counter school culture

58
Q

how did a counter school culture have an effect on one’s future?

A

prepared them for low skilled and low status jobs

59
Q

who talks about a habitus and culture capital?

A

bourdieu

60
Q

name 4 marxists who have researched education

A
  • willis
  • bourdieu
  • bowles and gintis
  • althusser
61
Q

what political party are The New Right?

A

conservative

62
Q

what are the two things in education that The New Right believe in?

A
  • marketisation
  • parentocracy
63
Q

what are 3 similarities between functionalist and New Right beliefs

A
  • believe some people are more naturally talented than others
  • favour an education system run on meritocratic principles and one that prepares young people for work
  • believe education should socialise pupils into shared values
64
Q

what is the main difference between functionalists and the new right?

A

the new right think that the beliefs they share isnt being achievd in education right now because it is state run

65
Q

who are 2 people with new right beliefs?

A

chubb and moe

66
Q

give 3 reasons why chubb and moe believe state run education in america has failed

A
  • not created equal opportunity and failed the needs of those disadvantaged
  • inefficient because it fails to produce pupils suitable for the economy
  • private schools deliver higher because they are delivering to paying consumers
67
Q

who was consisted in chubb and moe’s study and what conclusion did they draw?

A
  • 60,000 pupils from low income families
  • 1,015 state and private schools
  • pupils from low income families did around 5% better in private schools than state schools
68
Q

what did chubb and moe propose to put into state education to improve it?

A

a market system

69
Q

what did chubb and moe do to introduce the market system into state schools?

A

gave each family a voucher to spend on buying an education of a school of their choice

70
Q

what were the two roles for the state?

A
  • the state imposes a framework for schools like ofsted reports to rank schools
  • the state makes sure schools transmit a shared culture like the national curriculum
71
Q

what type of education do The New Right disagree with?

A

multicultural education that reflects the minority groups in britain

72
Q

what did The New Right introduce as part of the 1988 Education Reform Act?

4 things

A
  • league tables
  • GCSEs
  • OFSTED
  • a national curriculum

Chapter 2 Sociology (6 decks)

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