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Chapter 2 Sociology > Topic 6- Educational Policy and Inequality > Flashcards

Topic 6- Educational Policy and Inequality Flashcards

1
Q

what year did the coalition government come into place

A

2010

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2
Q

what political party is the coalition government?

2 parties

A

conservatives and liberal democrats

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3
Q

what are 4 key things coalition government implicated in education?

A

free schools
linear a levels
pupil premium
globalisation

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4
Q

explain free schools

A

ran by parents without a curriculum to increase choice in disdvantaged areas

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5
Q

explain linear a levels

A

exams would be at the end of the course and coursework was removed from the majority of subjects

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6
Q

explain pupil premium

A

schools with children receiving free school meals get extra funding to improve educational experiences

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7
Q

explain globalisation

A

to increase standards and competition the education system competed with the whole world to improve it

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8
Q

who was the education secretary who made significant changes to a levels?

A

michael gove

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9
Q

which education change was made in 1988?

A

the educational reform act

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10
Q

what year did the educational reform act come into place?

A

1988

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11
Q

who was the prime minister when the ERA was introduced?

A

margaret thatcher

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12
Q

define cultural capital

A

the knowledge, attitudes and abilities of the middle class

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13
Q

who was the prime minister when New Labour were in government?

A

Tony Blair

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14
Q

what happened between 1997 and 2010?

A

new labour

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15
Q

give 3 examples of interventionist policies

A

class size
maths and english
university

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16
Q

what did New Labour do to class sizes?

A

reduced them to a max of 30 pupils

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17
Q

what did New Labour say about maths and english

A

in schools they should have a maths and a literacy hour every day

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18
Q

what did New Labour do about gender equality?

A

gave schools extra money to use for boys to improve their writing
encouraged girls to take subjects they were interested in like sciences

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19
Q

name the 5 strategies New Labour implicated to reduce social class inequality

A

sure start
EMA
EAZ
FSM
academies

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20
Q

what is sure start?

A

free childcare age 0-2
early education for some 3-4

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21
Q

what is EMA

A

education maintenance areas
some sixth formers got £30 a week for good attendance

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22
Q

what is EAZ

A

education action zones
the government gave more money to disadvantaged areas

23
Q

what is FSM

A

free school meals for poorer families

24
Q

what are academies

A

schools that partner with local business sponsors

25
Q

what is New Labours paradox?

A

they said they wanted to decrease inequality but actually increased it in some of the strategies they implicated

26
Q

give an example of proof of new Labours paradox

A

encouraging going to university and increasing participation did decrease inequality but putting a price on it created a barrier for those with economical struggles creating a divide

27
Q

what year was the tripartite put into place?

A

1944

28
Q

what is the act called that bought in the tripartite system?

A

1944 education act

29
Q

what 3 schools are in the tripartite system?

A

grammar schools
secondary modern schools
technical schools

30
Q

features of a grammar school

4

A
  • academic curriculum
  • access to non manual jobs and higher education
  • needed to pass the 11+
  • mainly middle class
31
Q

features of a secondary modern school

4

A
  • non academic ‘practical’ curriculum
  • access to manual work
  • for pupils who didn’t pass 11+
  • mainly working class
32
Q

what did the tripartite reproduce?

2

A
  • class inequality
  • gender inequality
33
Q

what did the tripartite system legitimate?

A

inequality

34
Q

how did the tripartite system legitimate inequality?

A

through the ideology that ability is inborn so children can be judged at a young age.

35
Q

what year was comprehensive schools introduced?

A

1965

36
Q

what was the aim of comprehensive schools?

A

to make education more meritocratic

37
Q

why were some grammar schools kept?

A

comprehensive schools were optional so some areas kept them.

38
Q

what is the marxist view of comprehensives?

A
  • not meritocratic
  • reproduces class inequality due to labelling and streaming
39
Q

what is the functionalist view on comprehensives?

A
  • more meritocatic as it gives pupils a longer time to show their abilities
40
Q

how has marketisation created an ‘education market’

2

A
  • reducing direct state control over education
  • increasing competition between school and parents choice over them
41
Q

what government policy made marketisation?

A

the 1988 education reform act

42
Q

what policies were introduced to promote marketisation?

9

A
  • publication of league tables
  • businesses sponsoring schools
  • open enrolment
  • specialist schools
  • formula funding
  • schools being allowed to opt out of local authority control- become academies
  • schools competing to attract pupils
  • tuition fees for higher education
  • allowing parents to set up free schools
43
Q

what did miriam david 1993 describe marketisation as?

A

parentocracy- power shifts from producers and goes to consumers (parents)

44
Q

what is cream skimming?

A

schools can be more selective so choos their customers and recruit high achievers so they can gain advantage

45
Q

what is silt shifting?

A

schools avoid taking less able students who are likely to get poor results so it doens’t damage the league table position

46
Q

what is the funding formula?

A

the more pupils they attract the more they get the more funding they get so can fund higher quality teachers. leaves less popular schools with less money overall.

47
Q

what are priveleged skilled choosers?

A
  • mainly professional middle-class parents who can use their cultural and economic capital to gain an educational one.
  • possessed culture capital and had knowledge of schools and how they work
  • economic capital meant they could afford for their children to go to the best school whether that be travelling further or paying for trips.
48
Q

what are disconnected local choosers?

A
  • working class parents that are restricted by lack of cultural and economic capital
  • found it difficult to understand school procedures and less aware of choices.
  • prioritised safety and quality of the school over league tables and long term ambition
  • distance was a restriction of choice. funds are limited so nearest school was usually the best
49
Q

what are semi skilled choosers?

A
  • mainly working class but were ambitious for their children. still lacked cultural capital and misunderstood education market.
  • frustrated with inability to get their children at the school they want
50
Q

what are the 3 types of parents that gewirtz found after a study in London?

A

semi skilled choosers
priveliged skilled choosers
disconnected local choosers

51
Q

what is the myth of parentocracy?

A
  • ball believes marketisation only gives an appearance of parentocracy and that it doesn’t actually exist.
  • it makes it appear that parents have the same freedom to send their children to what school they want.
  • Gewirtz shows that middle class parents are better able to take advantage of the choices available.
52
Q

what is fragmentation?

A

comprehensive system is being replaced by a patchwork of diverse provision a lot involving private providers which leads to greater inequality in opportunities

53
Q

what is centralisation of control?

A
  • central government has the power to allow or require schools to become academies or allow FSM to be set up. these schools are funded by the government.
  • rapid growth has led to reduced role of elected local authorities.
54
Q

what is cola-isation

A
  • brands and vending machine on school premises, developing brand loyalty through logos and sponsorships.

Chapter 2 Sociology (6 decks)

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