Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Philosophy > Test Ch 3 > Flashcards

Test Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Humes Insistence that Every believe be justified, either as a relation between ideas, or as a matter of fact

A

Humes fork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An attempt to defend a position or an act to show that is correct or at least reasonable

A

Justification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Humes word for sensations or sense data that which is given to the mind through the senses

A

Impressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In empiricism knowledge that is restricted to the logical and conceptual connections between ideas, not to the correspondence up and ideas to experience or to reality search knowledge can therefore be demonstrated without appeal to
Experience. Arithmetic and geometry were taken to be paradigmatic example of this

A

Relations of ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The relation of cause-and-effect, one event bringing about another word natural law.

A

Causation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Every event has its cause or causes.

A

Principle of universal causation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The belief that the laws of nature will continue to hold in the future as they have in the past (crudely , “the future will be like the past“

A

Principle of induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An empirical claim to be confirmed or falsified through experience

A

Matter of fact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An account usually a causal of something it is supposed to justification, which also defends.

A

Explanation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Philosophy that is characterized by its confidence in reason and intuition, in particular to know reality independently of experience.

A

Rationalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Before experience” or, more accurately, independent of all experience.

A

A priori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In accordance with the rules of effective thought. Coherence, consistency, practicability, simplicity, comprehensiveness, looking at the evidence and weighing it carefully, not jumping to conclusions, and so forth.

A

Rational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

I’m traditional rationalism, a belief that can be justified solely by appeal to intuition or deduction from premises based upon intuition.

A

Truth of reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A unit of existence a being something that stands by itself, the essential realty of a thing or things that underlies the various properties and changes of properties.

A

Substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

That which brings something about

A

Cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ability to think abstract, to form arguments and make inferences. Sometimes referred to as a faculty of the human.

A

Reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In accordance with the rules of effective thought. Coherence, consistency, practicability, simplicity, comprehensiveness, looking at the evidence and weighing it carefully, not jumping to conclusions

A

Rationalists and their position is called rationalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The philosophy that demands that all knowledge, except for certain logical truths and principles of mathematics comes from experience.

A

Empiricism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Latin, literally. “ what is given”

A

Datum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

That which is given to the senses, prior to any reasoning or organization on our part

A

Sense-data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In traditional rationalism, a belief that can be justified solely by appeal to intuition or deduction from premises based upon intuition.

A

Truth of reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A kind of knowledge, sense experience

A

Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Immediate knowledge of the truth without the aid of any reasoning and without appeal to experience.

A

Intuition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A generally accepted principle according to which on may infer one statement from another, those rules of logic according to which validity is defined.

A

Rules of inference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A philosophical belief that knowledge is not possible, that doubt will not be overcome by any valid arguments.

A

Skepticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inference from observation, experience l, and experiment to a generalization about all members of a certain class

A

Generalizations from experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The process of inferring general conclusion from a sufficiently large sample of particular observations

A

Induction or inductive generalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Likely or supported by the evidence (but not conclusively). The empiricists middle step between the extremtities of certainty and doubt

A

Probability

29
Q

Literally ideas that are born into the mind, knowledge that is programmed into us from birth and need not be learned

A

Innate ideas

30
Q

In locked philosophy, the blank tablet metaphor of the mind in opposition to the doctrine that there are innate ideas. Im other words, the mind is a blank at birth and everything we know must be stamped in through experience

A

Tabula rasa

31
Q

A is necessary and sufficient for B when A is both logically required and enough to guarantee B (A if and only if B)

A

Necessary and sufficient conditions

32
Q

A contemporary European philosophy founded by German-Czech philosopher Edmund Husserl that begins with a pure description of consciousness

A

Phenomenology

33
Q

To put together “set up” or synthesize experience through categories or concepts. First used by Kant, later by husserl

A

Constitute

34
Q

Kants Word (borrowed from Aristotle) for those most basic and a priori concepts of human knowledge, for example, causality and substance

A

Categories

35
Q

In accordance with a necessary truth

A

Necessity

36
Q

Knowledge that is necessary and known independently of experience (and thus a priori) but that does not derive its truth from the logic or meaning of sentences . This is the focal concept of Kants philosophy

A

Synthetic a priori knowledge

37
Q

Demonstrably true (and necessarily true) by virtue of the logical form or the meanings of the component words. The concept was introduced by Kant, who defined it in terms of a sentence (he called it a judgment) in which the predicate was contained in the subject and added nothing to it.

A

Analytic

38
Q

The process of inferring general conclusions from a sufficiently large sample of particular observations

A

Induction

39
Q

Dependent of the facts; neither logically necessary nor logically impossible.

A

Contingently

40
Q

Kants elaborated attempt to prove that there is but one set of categories that all rational creatures must use in constituting their experience

A

Transcendental deduction

41
Q

Referring to the basic rules of human knowledge, usually with an absolutist suggestion that there can be but a single set of such basic rules

A

Transcendental

42
Q

The thesis that there is but one correct view of reality l. Opposed to relativism

A

Absolutists and their view is called absolutism

43
Q

The thesis that there is no single correct view of reality, no single truth.

A

Relativists

44
Q

The thesis that there is no single correct view of reality, no single truth

A

Relativism

45
Q

A philosophy that localizes truth and different views of reality to particular times, places, and peoples in history. It is gerneally linked to a very strong relativist thesis as well

A

Historicism

46
Q

“I think there for I am” Descartes only principle that he finds beyond doubt

A

Cogito ergo sun

47
Q

A kind of knowledge, sense experience

A

Perception

48
Q

The movement in twentieth century philosophy, particular in the United States and Britain that focuses its primary attention on language and linguistic analysis

A

Analytic philosophy

49
Q

In Locke (and other authors) a property

A

Quality

50
Q

In epistemology, almost any mental phenomenon (not typically, as in Plato, with existence independent of individual minds) the terminology varies slightly. Lock used the term to refer to virtually and “mental content” Hume reverse this term for those mental atoms that are derived by the mind from impressions. In Plato, a form

A

Ideas

51
Q

The experimental result of the stimulation of a sense organ. For example, seeing, hearing, smelling. Etc. the simplest mental phenomena

A

Sensation

52
Q

In Locke (and other authors) a propert y

A

Quality

53
Q

I’m Locke, those properties l (“qualities”) that inhere in the object

A

Primary qualities

54
Q

In Locke, those properties (“qualities”) that are caused in us by objects but do not inhere in the objects themselves (for example, color)

A

Secondary qualities

55
Q

The view that our experiences (our sensations and ideas) are the effects of physical objects acting upon our sense organs

A

Causal theory of perception

56
Q

The view that only ideas and kind exist and that there are no substances matter or material objects. In particular the philosophy of bishop Berkeley

A

Subjective idealism

57
Q

“After experience” or empirical

A

A posteriori

58
Q

“Before experience” or more accurately independent of all experience

A

A priori

59
Q

In Locke philosophy, the “blank tablet” metaphor of the mind, in opposition to the doctrine that there are innate ideas. In other words the kind is a blank at birth and everything f we know must be stamped in through experiences

A

Tabula rasa

60
Q

The thesis that there is but one correct view of reality as opposed to relativism

A

Absolutism

61
Q

Someone who believes there is but one correct view of reality as opposed to a relativist

A

Absolutist

62
Q

Truth and reference are always to be determined by references to practical considerations . A distinctly American philosophy movement

A

Pragmatism

63
Q

A statement or a belief is true if and only if it “ coheres” with a system of statements or beleifs

A

Coherence theory of truth

64
Q

A statement that is true and the we can see to be true by virtue of the meanings of the words

A

Conceptual truth

65
Q

To put together “set up” or synthesize experience through categories or concepts

A

Constitute

66
Q

A statement or belief is true if and only unfit corresponds with the facts

A

Correspondence theory of truth

67
Q

The study of human knowledge

A

Epistemology

68
Q

The discipline of interpretation of texts broadly conceived (as by Heidegger, gadamer) it is the “uncovering” of meanings in every day life, the attempt to understand the signs and symbols of one’s culture and tradition in juxtaposition with other cultures and traditions

A

Hermeneutics

69
Q

A formal theory, best known from the world of Alfred Tarski, that defines true in terms of a technical notion of satisfaction. According to the theory l, every sentence in the language is either satisfied or not by a distinct class of individuals. We can say the theory suggest that we as a group set up the rules according to which our sentences do or do not correspond with the facts of the world

A

Semantic theory of truth

Philosophy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions