S5 Morphology I

Question 1

morphology

Answer 1

the “study of the formation and internal organisation of words”

Question 2

attributes of typical words 1/4

syntactic attributes
- independence
- minimality

Answer 2

words that are the smallest units that can occur alone in certain contexts (eg. short answers to questions)

Question 3

attributes of typical words 2/4

orthographical attribute

Answer 3

words are orthographically interrupted units separated on each side by spaces (or punctuation marks)

Question 4

attributes of typical words 3/4

phonological attribute

Answer 4

words are phonological units that typically have no primary stress

Question 5

attributes of typical words 4/4

semantic-cognitive attribute

Answer 5

a word is associated with a unit of meaning; a word stands for an integrated idea, a conceptual gestalt

Question 6

simplex vs complex words

Answer 6

simplex: monomorphemic, they can not be split into further units that carry meaning
complex: polymorphemic, they consist of two or more units that carry meaning

Question 7

morphemes

Answer 7

are the smallest meaningful or function-carrying units of the language

missing are the types of morpehmes

Question 8

content words

Answer 8

• related to the extralinguistic world
• independent, identifiable meaning
• open class: productive (creation of new members)
• nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs

Question 9

function words

Answer 9

• inner-linguistic importance
• no(t much) independent lexical meaning, grammatical functions
• closed class: not productive (hardly any change)
• determines, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliaries

Question 10

unique morphemes (or blocked)

Answer 10

special type of bound morpheme, which do not exist as free morphemes in isolation, but only in combination with a specific free morpheme (cran/berry words)

Question 11

root

Answer 11

minimal lexical unit that remains once all derivational and inflectional affixes are removed

Question 11

allomorphs

Answer 11

are a specific realisation variants of a morpheme depending on the specific enviroment

Question 12

phonologically conditioned allomorphs

Answer 12

eg. plural /-s/ in books, /-z/ in dogs, /-iz/ in bridges

Question 13

morphologically/ lexically conditioned allomorphs

Answer 13

eg. plural formation: woman-women,
past tense: walk-walked, sleep-slept, sing-sang

Question 14

suppletion

Answer 14

one word is regarded as the inflected form of another word, but the two words are not cognate; historically related
eg. good-better, person-people